月球又称“月亮”。在望远镜发明之前，古代的人们只能在晴朗的夜晚，用眼睛仰望皎洁的明月。看到月亮表面有明有暗，形状奇特，于是人们就编出如嫦娥奔月、吴刚伐桂、玉免捣药等美丽神话。古希腊人则把月球看作美丽的狩猎女神阿尔忒弥斯，并且把女神狩猎时从不离身的银弓作为月球的天文符号。
The moon is also called the moon. Before the invention of telescope, ancient people could only look up at the bright moon with their eyes on a clear night. Seeing the moon's surface is bright and dark, and its shape is strange, people have made up Beautiful myths such as Chang'e running to the moon, Wu Gang cutting the laurel, Yu Mian tampering with medicine and so on. The ancient Greeks regarded the moon as Artemis, the beautiful hunting goddess, and regarded the silver bow that the goddess never left when hunting as the astronomical symbol of the moon.
月球基本上没有水，也就没有地球上的风化、氧化和水的腐蚀过程，也没有声音的传播，到处是一片寂静的世界。
Basically, there is no water on the moon, so there is no weathering, oxidation and water corrosion process on the earth, and there is no sound transmission. There is a silent world everywhere.
月球上几乎没有大气，因而月球上的昼夜温差很大。白天，在阳光垂直照射的地方，温度高达127℃；夜晚温度可低到-183℃。由于没有大气的阻隔，使得月面上日光强度比地球上约强1／3左右；紫外线强度也比地球表面强得多。由于月球大气少，因此在月面上会见到许多奇特的现象，如月球上的天空呈暗黑色，太阳光照射是笔直的，日光照到的地方很明亮；照不到的地方就很暗。因此才会看到的月亮表面有明有暗。由于没有空气散射光线，在月球上星星看起来也不再闪烁了。
There is almost no atmosphere on the moon, so the temperature difference between day and night on the moon is very large. In the daytime, the temperature is as high as 127 ℃ in the place where the sun shines vertically; at night, the temperature can be as low as - 183 ℃. Due to the absence of atmospheric barrier, the intensity of sunlight on the moon is about 1 / 3 stronger than that on the earth, and the intensity of ultraviolet is much stronger than that on the earth. Due to the lack of atmosphere on the moon, many strange phenomena can be seen on the surface of the moon, such as the dark sky on the moon, the straight sunlight, the bright place where the sun shines, and the dark place where it can't. Therefore, the surface of the moon is bright and dark. Since there is no air to scatter light, the stars on the moon no longer seem to twinkle.
月面上到处是裸露的岩石和环形山的侧影。整个月面覆盖着一层碎石粒和浮土。从地球上看到的月球表面有明亮的区域和暗灰色部分。原来明亮的部分是月球表面的山区和高地，暗灰色部分是月球表面的平原月球在绕地球运动的过程中，还要跟着地球一起绕太阳运动。这就是说，月球绕地球运动一周后，再回到的空间位置已不是原出发点了。由此可见，月球在运动过程中还要参与多种系统的运动。月球的运动和其他天体一样，月球也处于永恒的运动之中。月球除东升西落外，它每天还相对于恒星自西向东平均移动13°多，因此，月亮每天升起来的时间，都比前一天约迟50分钟。月亮的东升西落是地球自转的反映；而自西向东的移动却是月亮围绕地球公转的结果。月亮绕地球公转一周叫做一个“恒星月”，平均是27天7小时43分11秒。月亮绕地球公转的同时，它本身也在自转。月亮的自转周期和公转周期是相等的，即1：1，月球绕地球一周的时间为也就是它自转的周期。
The moon is covered with exposed rocks and silhouettes of craters. The whole moon surface is covered with a layer of broken stone and floating soil. The surface of the moon seen from the earth has bright areas and dark gray parts. It turns out that the bright part is the mountains and highlands on the moon's surface, and the dark gray part is the plain on the moon's surface. In the process of the moon's movement around the earth, it also moves around the sun with the earth. That is to say, after the moon moves around the earth for a week, the space position returned to is not the original starting point. It can be seen that the moon is also involved in the movement of various systems. Like other celestial bodies, the moon is in perpetual motion. In addition to rising in the East and falling in the west, the moon moves 13 ° more than the star from the west to the East on average every day. Therefore, the rising time of the moon every day is about 50 minutes later than the previous day. The rise and fall of the moon in the East is the reflection of the earth's rotation, while the movement from the west to the East is the result of the moon's rotation around the earth. The moon's orbit around the earth is called a "stellar moon", with an average of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 11 seconds. When the moon goes around the earth, it also rotates itself. The rotation period of the moon is equal to the revolution period, i.e. 1:1. The time of the moon around the earth is the rotation period.
