许多中国的托福考生都存在一个比较明显的问题，那就是虽然在阅读写作方面有不错表现，但却相当缺乏听说能力，托福听力往往做的惨不忍睹。今天小编给大家带来托福听力备考打基础新手训练要点解读，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力备考打基础新手训练要点解读
积累提升托福单词听力基础
第一个阶段是识别的过程，要求边听、边看、边读、边写地记单词。在这个阶段，除了需要知道这个单词是什么意思，更要知道这个单词怎么发音，让耳朵记住它。
第二个阶段是巩固的过程，要求同学们合上单词书，只听MP3去反应单词的释义和拼写。如果听到不太会的单词，多次重复听，直到大脑反应出释义为止。只有这样才可以把单词真正地记牢，并将其转化为听觉单词。第三个阶段是强化阶段，要求同学们重复第二个阶段，但需要在MP3中中文释义出现之前反应出单词的释义，提高对单词的反应速度。
强化语法认知听懂多种句式
托福听力考试考查的是句子，而且句子有简单句、复合句、复杂句之分。我们日常使用的最多的是简单句，但是考试，一般来讲，考查的最多的恰恰是复合句和复杂句，所以，对于我们的基本的语法知识，各位托福备考的同学可以有意识的强化一下复合句和复杂句的知识。这样在考试中，自己才会明白到底什么地方会是考点。
托福听力基础也是口语基础
托福听力和口语之间有比较大的关系，听力好的人口语往往也说得不错，反之亦然。因此打好托福听力基础同时也相当于打好了口语基础，两者之间互相关联，因此大家不要觉得只为了提升听力费那么大功夫不太值得，你正在打的基础，对于托福考试一半的分数都是至关重要的。
2020托福听力练习：公路噪音掩盖鸟类求救信号
It may not be the most melodious bit of birdsong you'll ever encounter. [Titmouse alarm call]. But this particular call, issued by a tufted titmouse, conveys important information about the presence of potential predators. But only if other birds can hear it.
Unfortunately, near a highway, traffic sounds can drown out such alarm calls. Scientists have long observed a decrease in wildlife populations in habitats adjacent to major roadways. And many figured it was the noise that drives creatures to hightail it someplace more remote. But it could be more than mere annoyance that keeps animals away. The inability to hear potentially life-saving calls could also be a factor. That's according to a study in the journal Biology Letters.
To test that theory, Aaron Grade and Kathryn Sieving at the University of Florida recorded that titmouse alarm call, produced by a captive individual that had spotted an owl. They then played this alarm call from speakers mounted in different locations in Florida state parks. Some of the spots were noisy, along Interstate 75 or U.S. Route 441. Others were more secluded and relatively quiet.
The scientists then observed the reactions of cardinals to these broadcasted declarations of danger. Because cardinals and other birds often eavesdrop on the talk of titmice for news of impending peril.
In the quiet areas, cardinals clearly responded to the titmouse alarms. They froze in place, stopped singing and scanned the area for predators. But in the noisy places, cardinals paid the warnings no heed and continued their regular activities.
It's not completely clear whether the cardinals could not hear the calls or if they were simply too distracted by the traffic to respond. Either way, looks like some birds should seek the road less traveled—or travel the regions less road-ed. Whereas hungry owls should hit the highway if they're looking to sneak up on an unexpecting snack.
(山雀的警报信号)可能不是你听过的最悦耳的鸟鸣声。但是这种由簇山雀发出的特殊呼叫，传递了重要的信息——可能存在捕食者。但前提是其他鸟类得能听到这一警报。
不幸的是，在高速公路附近，交通声音会淹没这种警报信号。经过长期观察，科学家发现栖息地靠近主干道的野生动物种群数量在减少。许多人认为正是这种噪音迫使动物们逃到了更偏远的地方。但使动物远离的可能不仅仅是打扰这一个因素。无法听到潜在的救命信号也可能是因素之一。这一研究结果刊登在《生物学快报》杂志上。
为了验证这一理论，佛罗里达大学的亚伦·格雷德和凯瑟琳·西温录下了簇山雀的警报信号，这是在它发现猫头鹰的时候发出的。然后他们用设置在佛罗里达州立公园不同地方的扬声器播放这一警报信号。75号州际公路和441号美国国道沿线的一些地点噪音很大。而其他地方则更加隐蔽且相对安静。
然后科学家观察了红雀对所播放危险信号的反应。因为红雀和其他鸟类为了得到即将到来危险的消息，经常偷听山雀的对话。
重点讲解：
1. drown out 盖过，淹没(声音);
例句：Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash.
她的声音被一声响亮的撞击声所淹没。
2. eavesdrop on 偷听;窃听;
例句：It is not polite to eavesdrop on the conversation of other people.
偷听他人说话是很不礼貌的。
3. respond to 应对;作出回应;作出反应;
例句：The horse responds to the slightest pull on the rein.
只要缰绳稍稍一拉，这匹马就有反应。
4. either way (两种情况中)不论发生哪一种情况;
例句：Was it his fault or not? Either way, an explanation is due.
是他的错不是?无论是不是，都得有个解释。
5. sneak up on 偷偷地走近;偷偷地挨近;
例句：I managed to sneak up on him when you knocked on the door.
你敲门的时候，我设法悄悄靠近了他。
在安静的地方，红雀对山雀的警报信号做出了清晰的反应。它们僵在原地，停止歌唱，仔细查看周围的区域是否有捕食者出现。但是在吵闹的地区，红雀没有理会这种警报，继续正常活动。
目前并不完全清楚红雀是没有听到警报，还是仅仅是因交通而分心所以没有做出回应。无论怎样，看起来有些鸟类应该寻找旅客少的路段或者寻找公路少的区域生存。反之，饥饿的猫头鹰如果想偷偷靠近一个“点心”，应该到公路附近寻找觅食机会。
2020托福听力练习：人耳听到的声音优于CD品质
Jay Z's "Tidal" platform promises listeners CD-quality streaming music, in all its 44.1 kilohertz, 16 bit glory—much better, they say, than compressed files, like mp3s. But why stop there? Neil Young's PonoMusic Store sells music that's even better than CD quality.
In a YouTube video for the service Young compares mp3 listeners to scuba divers, muddling around the seafloor. "You know you're walking around in the murk and there's big fish down there, that's kind of like listening to an mp3."
CD listeners are underwater, too. The only way to rise to the top, he says, is to dial up sample rate to over four times that of CD: to 192 kilohertz. "When you make it to 192, you actually break through the surface, and you're breathing air. And the feeling is different, it actually is a visceral relief. You feel good."
But… how good? What researchers, record producers, audiophiles, sound engineers, want to know is: "Is CD, compact disc, enough?" Joshua Reiss (RICE), who leads audio engineering research at Queen Mary University of London. "And the arguments seem to be never-ending."
Reiss took a stab at settling the argument with a meta-analysis—a study of studies—on whether people can really perceive better-than-CD quality sound. He analyzed data from 18 studies, including more than 400 participants and nearly 13,000 listening tests. Overall, listeners picked out the better-than-CD-quality track 52.3 percent of the time. Statistically significant, if not all that impressive.
But when Reiss isolated studies that trained listeners first and gave them a chance to feast their ears on the difference, their odds of picking the higher-quality track climbed to 60 percent. Suggesting there may actually be some perceptible difference... at least enough to convince Reiss to change his listening habits. "Yes I think I actually will, based on this." The analysis is in the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society.
Not that it will settle all arguments. "No, no never. But what I think it might do is allow the researchers to move on a little bit from this question and to start looking deeper into the causes of the perception." And for the audiophiles out there? It's no doubt music to their ears.
Jay Z的“潮汐”平台承诺为听众提供CD品质的流媒体音乐，44.1千赫，16比特，他们说这比mp3等压缩文件的品质更高。但是为什么要停在这里?尼尔·杨的波诺音乐商店出售的音乐品质甚至比CD品质更高。
杨在上传到优兔网上的视频中，将mp3听众比作漫游在海底的水肺潜水员。“你知道你正在黑暗中漫步，周围有大鱼游来游去，这就像在听mp3。”
CD收听者也在海底。他说，唯一可以升到海面的方法是把采样率调到CD的4倍以上：调至192赫兹。“当你把采样率调至192赫兹时，你就冲破了海面，可以呼吸到空气了。这种感觉很不同，就像发自内心的解脱。你感觉非常好。”
但是，有多好呢?研究人员、唱片制作人、音响发烧友和音响师想知道的是：CD的品质足够吗?约书亚·赖斯在伦敦玛丽女王大学主导了一项音频工程研究。“争论似乎永远不会停止。”
赖斯试图用整合分析来解决争论，他对人们是否能感知到比CD品质更好的音乐进行了研究。他分析了18项研究中得到的数据，包括400余名参与者和近1300个听力测试。总体来说，收听者辨别出优于CD品质音乐的概率为52.3%。从统计学意义上看，并不是全部都令人印象深刻。
但是当赖斯把研究分离出来，先对收听者进行培训，给他们的耳朵享受不同音乐的机会以后，他们辨别出高品质音乐的机率上升到60%。这表明可能存在显著的差别，至少可以说服赖斯去改变他的收听习惯。“基于此，我认为我会改变我的收听习惯。”这一分析结果刊登在《音频工程学会志》上。
这一研究结果并不能解决所有争论。“永远不会。但是我认为这可能会让研究人员从这个问题转向另一个问题，开始深入研究感知原因。”这对音响发烧友来说意味着什么?毫无疑问，这对他们来说绝对是好消息。
重点讲解：
1. break through 冲破;突破;
例句：The sun broke through after days of rain.
下了许多天的雨之后，太阳终于拨云而出。
2. take a stab at 尝试;试图;
例句：He took a stab at forecasting.
他尝试进行预测。
3. pick out 辨认出;分辨出;
例句：The detective-constable picked out the words with difficulty.
探警费力地辨认出这些文字。
4. no doubt 无疑地;必定;
例句：She has no doubt as to the correctness of her own estimate.
她对自己所作估计的正确性确信无疑。
5. music to one's ears 悦耳的声音;佳音;中听的话;
例句：Popular support—it's music to the ears of any politician.
大众的支持对任何一名政界人士来说都是佳音。
