托福听力备考打基础新手训练要点解读

托福听力经常听到陌生词汇?这些高频词汇搭配快来了解一下，今天小编给大家带来托福听力经常听到陌生词汇，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力经常听到陌生词汇?这些高频词汇搭配快来了解一下

1.anything but

听力原句：

Librarian：Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring.

语境释义：并不;一点也不

注：近似词组nothing but意为“只不过是”,例如：It's nothing but a joke.

2.in such short notice

听力原句：

Student：Hi, thanks for seeing me in such short notice.

语境释义：如此仓促

3.in person

听力原句：

Manager: Right, the choir. It’s nice to finally meet you in person. So, you are having problems with...

语境释义：亲自，当面

4.high-end

听力原句：

Pro: Ok, basically they have to offer things that most people can find anywhere else, you know quality, that means better exercise equipment,high-end stuff, and classes-exercise classes may be aerobics.

语境释义：高端的

5.drive…home

听力原句：

Therefore, it’s best to be a non-conformist – to do your own thing, not worrying about what other people think. That’s an important point. He really drives this argument home throughout the essay.

语境释义：把(论点、问题等)讲得透彻、明白

6.goof off

听力原句：

Student: I went off to the stack and found some really good material for my part, but when I got back to our table, they were just goofing off and talking. So I went and got materials for their sections as well.

语境释义：游手好闲，混日子

7.go down the drain

听力原句：

Student: I know, but I didn’t want to risk the project going down the drain.

语境释义：前功尽弃，付诸东流

8.start from scratch

听力原句：

Student: But we’ve got all the sources and it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.

语境释义：从头开始

9.come down to

听力原句：

It’s been shaped by constraints over vast stretches of time, all of which comes down to the fact that the best foraging strategy for beavers isn’t the one that yields the most food or wood.

语境释义：归结为

10.open spot

听力原句：

I am afraid we don’t have any openings at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.

语境释义：职位空缺

11.not necessarily

听力原句1：

Well, design doesn't necessarily include things like sculptures or decorative walkways or… or even eye catching window displays, you know art.

听力原句2：

Professor：That’s another possible reason although it doesn’t necessarily explain other behaviors such as eating, drinking or sleeping.”

语境释义：不一定，未必(不是“不需要”或者“不必要”的意思!)

12.be at odds with

听力原句：

They try to fit in with the rest of the world even though it’s at odds with their beliefs and their identities.

语境释义：与…相违背、相冲突

注：在听力中该短语会有连读，要多听。

13.lesser-known

听力原句：

Employee：You are lucky to have professor who includes the lesser-known writer like her on the syllabus, you know, not the usual authors we’ve all read.

语境释义：不知名的

14.pros and cons

听力原句：

I mean no one really thinks that, say a bee goes through weighing the pros and cons of pollinating this flower or that flower.

语境释义：权衡利弊，仔细斟酌

15.in a different light

听力原句：

Student: I mean... Being a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but …

语境释义：从不同的角度，从另外一面

16.low key

听力原句：

Pro: Oh, that's very thoughtful of you, Eric, but it will be low key, nothing flashy. That's not her style.

语境释义：低调的，不张扬的

17.common denominator

听力原句：

There are variations on this model of course, but the common denominators are always an idea of creating a shopping space that will get people to shop in the city without needing their cars.

语境释义：共同点，共性

注意：denominator本意为“分母”

18.tongue in cheek

听力原句：

But if you took away all the DNA that codes for genes, you still have maybe 70% of the DNA left over. That’s the so-called JUNK DNA. Though the word junk is used sort of tongue in cheek.

语境释义：半开玩笑地

19.pull them from thin air

听力原句：

To begin, how do we create fictional characters? We don’t just pull them from thin air, do we? I mean we don’t create them out of nothing.

语境释义：凭空捏造

20.touch base

听力原句：

Advisor: Hi, Steven I schedule this appointment, cause it has been a while since we touched base.

语境释义：联系，进行接触

2020托福听力练习：城市与乡村的红腹灰雀对比

City dwellers can attest that the animals they share the city with—the pigeons, rats, roaches—can be pretty brazen when they're prowling for a bite.

While visiting Barbados, McGill University neurobiologist Jean-Nicolas Audet, noticed that local bullfinches were accomplished thieves.

"They were always trying to steal our food.

And we can see those birds entering in supermarkets, trying to steal food there."

And that gave him an idea.

"Since this bird species is able to solve amazing problems in cities, and they're also present in rural areas, we were wondering" are the rural birds also good problem-solvers, and they just don't take advantage of their abilities?

Or are they fundamentally different?

So Audet and his McGill colleagues captured Barbados bullfinches, both in the island's towns and out in the countryside.

They then administered the bird equivalent of personality and IQ tests:assessing traits like boldness and fear, or timing how quickly the finches could open a puzzle box full of seeds.

And it turns out the city birds really could solve puzzles faster.

They were bolder, too, except when it came to dealing with new objects—perhaps assuming, unlike their more naive country cousins, that new things can either mean reward…or danger.

The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology.

The city birds bested their country counterparts in another trait:they have more robust immune systems, possibly from scavenging food and water in dirty places.

Which suggests that sometimes, a city's dirt and grit could be the very thing that gives avian residents a wing up.

City dwellers can attest that the animals they share the city with—the pigeons, rats, roaches—can be pretty brazen when they're prowling for a bite. 城市里的居民可以作证，与他们共同生活在城市中的鸽子、老鼠、蟑螂等动物在捕猎时非常厚颜无耻。

While visiting Barbados, McGill University neurobiologist Jean-Nicolas Audet, noticed that local bullfinches were accomplished thieves as well. 麦吉尔大学的神经生物学家简恩尼古拉斯·奥德特在参观巴巴多斯时发现当地的红腹灰雀是技艺娴熟的小偷。

They were always trying to steal our food. 它们一直都在偷我们的食物。

And we can see those birds entering in supermarkets, trying to steal food there. And that gave him an idea. 而且我们发现这些鸟会进入超级市场，试图偷那里的食物。而这给了奥德特灵感。

Since this bird species is able to solve amazing problems in cities, and they're also present in rural areas, we were wondering are the rural birds also good problem-solvers, and they just don't take advantage of their abilities? 既然这种鸟能在城市中解决令人称奇的问题，我们就想到，身处偏远乡村地区的它们是否也能很好的解决问题，还是只是没有善加利用自己的能力呢?

Or are they fundamentally different? 或者这些鸟是因地区而完全不同呢?

So Audet and his McGill colleagues captured Barbados bullfinches, both in the island's towns and out in the countryside. 因此奥德特和他的同事们抓来了巴巴多斯城镇及乡村的红腹灰雀进行比较研究。

They then administered the bird equivalent of personality and IQ tests: 而后他们对这种鸟的性格及智商进行了评估测试：

assessing traits like boldness and fear, or timing how quickly the finches could open a puzzle box full of seeds. 其中包括胆量及恐惧等特征测试环节，以及红腹灰雀琢开一个装满种子的谜题箱需要多长时间。

And it turns out the city birds really could solve puzzles faster. 结果表明城市中的红腹灰雀能够更快的解决难题。

They were bolder, too, except when it came to dealing with new objects—perhaps assuming, unlike their more naive country cousins, that new things can either mean reward…or danger. 同时它们的胆子也更大。但在应对新鲜事物方面则是乡村鸟儿更胜一筹，因为新鲜的事物对它们而言要么是奖励，要么是危险。

The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology. 这项研究已在《行为生态学》杂志上发表。

The city birds bested their country counterparts in another trait: 城市的红腹灰雀在另外一个方面也占据优势：

they have more robust immune systems, possibly from scavenging food and water in dirty places. 它们有更强健的免疫系统，可能是其本身清除食物及水中脏东西的能力所致。

Which suggests that sometimes, a city's dirt and grit could be the very thing that gives avian residents a wing up. 这表明，有时一个城市的污垢和砂砾可能对生活在其中的鸟类居民而言至关重要。

2020托福听力练习：基因电路辅助细胞计算机

Our smartphones, tablets, laptops—they all compute things electronically. But, think outside that silicon box for a second: "There's nothing special about electrons and using silicon as part of computing." Chris Voigt, a bioengineer at M.I.T.. "You can do computing with any number of things." Including, he says, DNA.

"Cells do computing all the time. So they're constantly trying to interpret their environment and be able to turn on different genes and respond to it." And those genes in a cellular circuit are like the logic gates, the memory, and other systems found in conventional computers.

So Voigt and his colleagues created what he calls the first human-made "programming language" for living cells. It’s an open-source design environment called "Cello." Just write what you want the cell to do, and Cello spits out the DNA sequence—as if you were compiling code. The researchers used the platform to design 60 genetic circuits, which they then ran inside E. coli bacteria. Many of these DNA-based circuits allow bacteria to sense environmental data - like levels of oxygen or glucose in the gut - and respond in various ways. They detail the findings in the journal Science.

Not all the circuits worked as intended. A quarter of them failed, and some were toxic to the cells. But the idea is to make cellular circuit design easier—and more approachable—to creative people. "When I was a graduate student I had a computer file for Microsoft Word that had all my favorite pieces of DNA. And I would have to sit there and stitch it together and try to remember how each one worked, and constantly run programs to try to look for mistakes."

Cello takes care of all that. And now, Voigt says, biology is right about where electrical engineering was in the early 80s: ready for a computing revolution.

Our smartphones, tablets, laptops-they all compute things electronically. 我们的智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本--它们都是以电子方式进行计算。

But, think outside that silicon box for a second: "There's nothing special about electrons and using silicon as part of computing." 但是，考虑一下硅制盒子之外的事物："利用电子和硅进行计算并无特殊之处。"

Chris Voigt, a bioengineer at M.I.T.. "You can do computing with any number of things." Including, he says, DNA. 克里斯·沃伊特是麻省理工学院的生物工程师。"你可以利用计算机计算任何事物的数量。" DNA也包括在内。

Cells do computing all the time. 细胞一直都在进行计算。

So they're constantly trying to interpret their environment and be able to turn on different genes and respond to it. 所以，它们一直在试图了解周围的环境，并控制DNA，并对其作出反应。

And those genes in a cellular circuit are like the logic gates, the memory, and other systems found in conventional computers. 这些在细胞电路中的基因就像传统电脑中的逻辑门、内存和其他的系统。

So Voigt and his colleagues created what he calls the first human-made "programming language" for living cells. 所以，沃伊特和同事们创造了人类首例的活细胞"编程语言"。

It's an open-source design environment called "Cello." 这种开放源码的设计环境称为"Cello"。

Just write what you want the cell to do, and Cello spits out the DNA sequence-as if you were compiling code. 你只需写下需要细胞做些什么，这时候 Cello翻译DNA序列--就好像你在进行编码。

The researchers used the platform to design 60 genetic circuits, which they then ran inside E. coli bacteria. 研究人员利用这一平台设计了60个遗传电路，他们可以利用这些遗传电路应用于大肠杆菌内部。

Many of these DNA-based circuits allow bacteria to sense environmental data - like levels of oxygen or glucose in the gut - and respond in various ways. 许多基于 DNA的电路都允许细菌感觉环境数据--例如大肠中的氧气以及葡萄糖的含量--并通过不同的方式作出反应。

They detail the findings in the journal Science. 该研究结果发表在《科学》杂志上。

Not all the circuits worked as intended. 但是并不是所有的电路都会按照预期的方式运行。

A quarter of them failed, and some were toxic to the cells. 有1/4的电路失败了，而有的电路则会毒害细胞。

But the idea is to make cellular circuit design easier-and more approachable-to creative people. 但是，这种创作想法会使有创新精神的人将细胞电路设 计更加简单--更易成功。

When I was a graduate student I had a computer file for Microsoft Word that had all my favorite pieces of DNA. 当我还在读研究生的时候，我有一个电脑文件里面包含了我最爱的DNA片段。

And I would have to sit there and stitch it together and try to remember how each one worked, and constantly run programs to try to look for mistakes. 我会坐在那里，将这些片断拼接到一起，并试图记住这 些片断是如何运作的，我还经常运行程序试图找到其中的错误。

Cello takes care of all that. And now, Voigt says, biology is right about where electrical engineering was in the early 80s: ready for a computing revolution. Cello会处理以上所有的问题。现在，沃伊特称生物学就像80年代早期的电器工程：已经为计算机革命做好准备。