2015年重庆西南大学研究生教育学真题

　　Part C

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）

　　Within the span of a hundred years， in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries， a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. （46） This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

　　（47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity， colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen， Frenchmen， Germans， Scots， Irishmen， Dutchmen， Swedes， and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. （48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which， although it resembled European society in many ways， had a character that was distinctly American.

　　（49）The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime， thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico， the West Indies， and South America. These travelers to North America came in small， unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage， they subsisted on meager rations. Many of tthe ships were lost in storms， many passengers died of disease， and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course， and often calm brought interminable delay.

　　To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler， “ The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. （50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture， ships and potash， dyes and naval stores.

　　【参考答案】

　　46.在多种强大的动机驱动下， 这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家， 其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

　　47.美国是两种主要力量的产物——即思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民和修改这些特征的新国家的影响的产物。

　　48.但由于美国特有的地理条件， 不同民族的相互作用， 以及维护原始老式方式的纯粹困难， 新大陆引起了重大变化。

　　49.在15-16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后， 运往该领土-即当今的美国-的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

　　50.拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库， 它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。

　　【试题点评】翻译考查考生在准确理解的基础上，按照英语语法结构拆分句子，准确、通顺翻译汉语的能力。本次考试的翻译考点主要包含对并列句、定语从句、状语从句及固定词组等翻译的考查。