2017年中考英语语法专题详解二

　　

　　专题四 代词

　　一、 代词概述

　　代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

　　二、代词分类

　　英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为：人称代词、物主

　　代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。

　　1、 人称代词及其用法

　　1)人称代词主格和宾格

　　人称

　　单、复数

　　主格

　　宾格

　　第一人称

　　单数

　　I

　　me

　　复数

　　we

　　us

　　第二人称

　　单数

　　you

　　you

　　复数

　　you

　　you

　　第三人称

　　单数

　　he

　　him

　　she

　　her

　　it

　　it

　　复数

　　they

　　them

　　2) 人称代词的用法

　　① 人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。

　　例如：She likes watching movies.她喜欢看电影。

　　They have been to America twice..他们到过美国两次。

　　② 人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。

　　例如： We listen to them and they help us.我们听他们，他们帮我们。

　　---Who is knocking at the door? --It’s me.—谁在敲门?—是我。

　　2、 物主代词及其用法

　　1)形容词性和名词性物主代词

　　人称

　　单、复数

　　形容词性

　　名词性

　　词义

　　第一人称

　　单数

　　my

　　mine

　　我的

　　复数

　　our

　　ours

　　我们的

　　第二人称

　　单数

　　your

　　yours

　　你的

　　复数

　　your

　　yours

　　你们的

　　第三人称

　　单数

　　his

　　his

　　他的

　　her

　　hers

　　她的

　　its

　　its

　　它的

　　复数

　　their

　　theirs

　　他们的

　　2)物主代词的用法

　　① 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句子中担任定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。

　　例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.这是我的书。你的书在那里。

　　They are our new friends.他们是我们的新朋友。

　　②名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词，意义上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。

　　例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?这是我的词典。你的(词典)在哪里?

　　My idea is just the same as his(=his idea).我的想法正如他的(想法)。

　　3、反身代词及其用法

　　1)反身代词的构成

　　人称

　　单、复数

　　词形

　　词义

　　第一人称

　　单数

　　myself

　　我自己

　　复数

　　ourselves

　　我们自己

　　第二人称

　　单数

　　yourself

　　你自己

　　复数

　　yourselves

　　你们自己

　　第三人称

　　单数

　　himself

　　他自己

　　herself

　　她自己

　　itself

　　它自己

　　复数

　　themselves

　　他们自己

　　2)反身代词的用法

　　① 反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。

　　例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.这男孩太小了无法照顾自己。

　　They did the job all by themselves.这件工作他们完全是自己做的。

　　② 反身代词常用词组

　　例如：teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得愉快

　　hurt oneself伤了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself苏醒

　　by oneself单独;亲自

　　4、 指示代词及其用法

　　1) 指示代词：单数this(这)、 that(那);复数these(这些), those(那些)

　　2) 指示代词的用法

　　① this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物。

　　例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.这是我的朋友。这些是

　　他的新书。

　　② that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。

　　例如：Look!That girl in red is Kate.瞧!那个穿红衣服的女孩是凯特。

　　③ 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。

　　例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是玛丽，您是琼斯夫人吗?

　　5、 不定代词及其用法

　　不定代词是比较复杂的一类代词，在词形上有简单的不定代词和复合不定代词两种形式，分别列表如下。

　　1) 表一：初中阶段常见的简单的不定代词

　　不定代词

　　常用词义

　　some，any

　　一些（人或物）；任何（人或物）

　　many，much

　　许多（人或物）

　　few，little

　　几乎没有（人或物）

　　a few，a little

　　有少数或少量（人或物）

　　both

　　两者都

　　all

　　三者及以上都

　　either

　　两者之一；或者……或者

　　neither

　　两者都不

　　none

　　三者及以上都不

　　another

　　三者以上中的任意一个

　　one

　　一个

　　other，others

　　其他的（泛指）

　　the other，the others

　　其他的（特指）

　　表二：复合不定代词

　　one

　　body

　　thing

　　some

　　someone某人

　　somebody某人

　　something某事

　　any

　　anyone任何人

　　anybody任何人

　　anything任何事

　　no

　　no one没有人

　　nobody没有人

　　no thing没有东西

　　every

　　everyone每人

　　everybody每人

　　everything每一件事

　　2) 不定代词的用法

　　在实际使用中，普通不定代词多数时候用作形容词修饰名词。

　　① some和any。两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议的疑问句中用some。

　　例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there aren’t any teachers.

　　教室里有一些学生，但没有老师。

　　---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.

　　--想要喝茶还是咖啡?--谢谢，两个都不要。

　　② many 和much。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。

　　两者均可以和表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用构成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.

　　例如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。

　　How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么会犯这么多错误?

　　Please speak English as much as possible.请尽量说英语。

　　③ few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。

　　例如：He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生，所以几乎没有朋友(表示否定)。

　　I have so little money that I can’t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我几乎没钱了，买不起这本杂志(表示否定)。你能借我一些吗?

　　---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人，我可以和你说几句话吗(表示肯定)?--当然可以，我有一点点时间(表示肯定)。

　　④ both和all。both只能用于指代两者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。

　　例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。

　　⑤ either， neither和none。either只能是“两者中取其一”，neither是“两者都不”，是both的反义词，none“都不”是all的反义词。

　　例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得帮助你爸爸在花园里干活。(只要一个人帮助爸爸干活即可)

　　---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.—你想要牛奶还是咖啡?--都不要，水就可以。

　　They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他们都是青少年，谁都不应该获许抽烟。

　　⑥ other, others, the other, the others.概括地说，不带the的为泛指，带the的为特指，带s的指代复数的人或物，不带s的指代单数的人或物。

　　例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中国其他城市大。

　　Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷锋乐于助人。

　　I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有两个好朋友，一个是杰克，另一个是大卫。

　　I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天买了六本书。一本是英语，其余的(书)都是中文。

　　⑦ one, another, one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，避免重复。another指的是三者以

　　上中的任意一者，还可以表达“额外添加”的意思。

　　例如：This building is taller than that one.这个建筑比那栋高。

　　I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.

　　我已经花了半个小时做这件工作，但是我还要十分钟才能够完成。

　　⑧ 复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须

　　注意：

　　a)复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

　　例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?电脑出问题了吗?

　　Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齐了，我们开会吧。

　　b)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在他们的后面，做后置定语。

　　例如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.请安静，我有重要

　　的事情要告诉你们。

　　6、 疑问代词及其用法

　　疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。

　　疑问代词

　　主要用法

　　例句

　　who

　　“谁”，主格形式作主语

　　Who can answer the question?

　　Who is the man over there?

　　whom

　　“谁”，宾格形式，口语中往往

　　被who代替

　　Whom/whom are you talking to?

　　whose

　　“谁的”所有格形式

　　Whose exercise book is this?

　　Whose is this exercise book?

　　what

　　询问不定书目中的“哪个”、

　　“哪些”，没有范围的限定；也

　　可用于询问某人的职业

　　What are you going to do?

　　What class are you in?

　　What is your mother?

　　which

　　“哪个”、“哪些”，询问一定

　　范围内特指的人或物

　　Which class are you in, Class 1 or

　　Class 2?

　　实战演练(2×50) 计分:

　　1 ---Is that man in blue your father? ---No, _______ is my headmaster.

　　A. he B. him C. she

　　2. ---Laura, this is my backpack. Where is _______? ---Mine is over there.

　　A. your B. yours C. his

　　3. ---Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? ---Yes, she teaches _____ Chinese.

　　A. us B. our C. ours

　　4. ---Is David _________ cousin or theirs? ---He is my cousin.

　　A. your B. yours C. you

　　5. Excuse me, _____pen is broken. May I use ________?

　　A. my, your B. I, yours C. my, yours

　　6. ---Is this your MP4, Mike? ---No, it’s ______.

　　A. his B. her C. my

　　7. We must learn English by __________.

　　A. us B. our C. ourselves

　　8. Could you lend me ______ bike? I lost ______ last Saturday.

　　A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, mine

　　9. ---Who taught _____ German? ---Nobody. She learned all by _______.

　　A. she, her B. her, herself C. hers, herself

　　10. --- Which would you like, bread or rice? --- ______ of them. I’m full now.

　　A. Either B. Neither C. All

　　11. ---_______does your cousin look like? ---He’s tall and thin.

　　A. What B. Who C. Which

　　12. Believe yourself. You’re better than ________. You’re the best. Wish you success.

　　A. anyone else B. some else C. else anyone

　　13. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.

　　A. it B. this C. that

　　14. ---_______ are you talking about? ----The Olympic Games in Beijing.

　　A. What B. How C. Whom

　　15. ---What about this T—shirt? ---I don’t like the color. Please show me _____one.

　　A. other B. the other C. another

　　16. ---Did you enjoy ____ at the party, Jimmy? –Yes, Mum. I enjoyed ___very much.

　　A. yours, ourselves B. yourselves, myself C. yourself, myself

　　17. They three were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to have a rest.

　　A. some B. none C. all

　　18. There is ______ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.

　　A. someone B. anybody C. nobody

　　19. Do you know the girl between Lucy and ______?

　　A. she B. his C. me

　　20. ---Could you tell me ______ to do next? ---Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.

　　A. what B. how C. when

　　21. ---Can we put our sports shoes here? ---Oh, yes. Put ______ here, please.

　　A. them B. their C. they

　　22. ---______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?

　　A. Where B. For what C. With whom

　　23. _____ isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.

　　A. That B. It C. This

　　24. ---Hello! ---_______is Mary speaking. Is ______ Lily? --- Yes, speaking.

　　A. This, this B. This, that C. That, this

　　25. ---Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? --- A friend of _______.

　　A. you B. her C. mine

　　26.There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.

　　A. either B. all C. both

　　27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but ________ of them can come.

　　A. both B. neither C. all

　　28.---Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ____ for me?

　　---Sure. But you must take good care of it.

　　A. one B. it C. that

　　29.The weather in Hengyang is different from ______ in Beijing.

　　A. one B. it C. that

　　30.As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ________.

　　A. ourselves B. us C. myself

　　31.Never say you’re a fool. Everyone is good at ________.

　　A. something B. anything C. everything

　　32 I like pop music, but _______ my father _______ my mother likes it.

　　A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor

　　33.---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?

　　---_______ is OK. I’m free these days.

　　A. Both B. All C. Either

　　34 There are only _________ new words in the passage, but I know _____ of them.

　　A. some; all B. a few; none C. lots of; a few

　　35 ---Who is singing in the next room? --- _______ must be Marie.

　　A. It B. She C. This

　　36.The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.

　　A. ones B. that C. those

　　37 ---Two Evening Papers, please! ---Only one copy left. Would you like to have ___, sir?

　　A. one B. it C. this

　　38 ---Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone?

　　---_________. I enjoy using QQ.

　　A. Either B. Neither C. None

　　39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim’s.

　　A. those B. that C. ones

　　40.We can’t leave our grandparents by _________.

　　A. they B. them C. themselves

　　41.---Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? ---Sure. I have ______ time.

　　A. a few B. little C. a little

　　42.---Is _______ here today? ---No. Han Mei isn’t here. Maybe she’s ill.

　　A. someone B. anyone C. everyone

　　43.---Have you finished your task? ---No, I’ll finish it in _______ ten minutes.

　　A. less B. other C. another

　　44.Mrs White has two children. _______ is a driver, and ______ is a nurse.

　　A. One; another B. One; the other C. One; other

　　45.The old woman asked _______, “What should I do?”

　　A. herself B. her C. hers

　　46.Either you or I _______ right.

　　A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　47 We found _______ necessary to protect the environment.

　　A. it B. this C. that

　　48.It was ________ fine day that they went to the park.

　　A. so a B. a so C. such a

　　49._________went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.

　　A. Someone B. No one C. Nothing

　　50.---______ did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?

　　A. How B. Where C. For what

　　1-5 ABAAC 6-10 ACBBB 11-15 AAAAC 16-20 CBACB 21-25 ABBBC

　　26-30 CBACA 31-35 ACCBA 36-40 CBBAC 41-45 CCCBA 46-50 BACBC