中学生要不要读名著

据笔者所知，时下一些中学生的课外读物大致可分为如下三类：一类是各种言情、武侠小说；一类是各种“作文选”；一类是各种青年型的杂志。虽然不能说这三类“书”不可以阅读，但对中学生来说，阅读这两类“书”肯定是害多益少的。

As far as I know, the extracurricular reading materials of some middle school students can be roughly divided into three categories: one is all kinds of love stories and martial arts novels; one is all kinds of "composition selections"; the other is all kinds of youth magazines. Although we can't say that these three kinds of "books" can't be read, but for middle school students, reading these two kinds of "books" must be more harmful than beneficial.

所谓的言情小说，大多是以描写“男女偷欢”、“第三者插足”和“婚外恋”为主线的。武侠小说除了渲染“江湖义气”、“暴力打斗”外，还都离不开男女之间的“色情”描写。这些，对涉世不深，正需要正确引导而奋发向上的中学生来讲，是起不到陶冶情操的作用的；同时，就提高写作水平而言，也是没有什么可取之处

Most of the so-called romance novels are based on the description of "men and women having sex", "the third party's involvement" and "extramarital love". In addition to exaggerating "Jianghu righteousness" and "violent fighting", martial arts novels can not do without the "pornographic" description between men and women. These are not good for the middle school students who are not deeply involved in the world and need correct guidance but are striving to improve their writing level

谁都知道，“作文选”中的“作文”都出自中学生之手。中学生写的“作文”，大部分都是社会生活有限、创作方法单一的，诸如《我的老师》、《我的同学》、《校园的早晨》、《农村新貌》等，就是写的“再好”，又能从中得到多少启发呢？其结果也只能是读完去“照葫芦画瓢”，写出既没深度，又没余味的肤浅文章。

Everyone knows that the "composition" in the "composition selection" is made by middle school students. Most of the "compositions" written by middle school students are limited in social life and single in creative methods, such as "my teacher", "my classmates", "the morning of the campus", "the new look of the countryside", etc. how much inspiration can they get from the "best" writing? As a result, I can only read "Zhao Hulu Hua Piao" and write superficial articles with neither depth nor aftertaste.

若说起五花八门的青年型杂志，中学生就更不应该阅读了。因为就其封面而言，首先就会使中学生脸红。君不见，封面上不是坦胸露乳的“大美人”，就是极富刺激性的文题。如果看正文，那就更“不堪入目”了。正文里除了诸如打工妹怎样上当受骗被老板奸污，夫妻或为第三者反目或为金钱成仇而互相勾心斗角的文章外，就是介绍夫妻同床后的“性知识”的文章，而且还多配有登载“如何丰乳”、“如何增臀”的彩色广告插页，并还多印有“乳已丰”、“臀已瘦”的近乎全裸的女人的“玉照”。试想一下，中学生阅读这样的杂志，能增长什么样的“知识”，那是不言自明了。

When it comes to all kinds of youth magazines, middle school students should not read them. Because as far as the cover is concerned, it will make middle school students blush first. You can't see. On the cover is not the "big beauty" with open chest and breasts, but the very exciting topic. If you look at the text, it's even worse. In addition to the articles about how the working girls are cheated and raped by the boss, the husband and wife, or the third party, or the money feud, they also introduce the "sexual knowledge" of the husband and wife after they share the bed, and they are also equipped with the color advertisement inserts of "how to enrich the breasts" and "how to increase the hips", as well as the nearly "rich breasts" and "thin hips" printed on them "Jade photos" of naked women. It is self-evident to think about what kind of "knowledge" middle school students can gain by reading such magazines.

那么，中学生课外应该阅读什么样的“书”呢？笔者认为，中学生课外的最好精神食粮就是古今中外的文学名着。中学生为什么要阅读古今中外的文学名着？这是因为：所谓的“名着”，都是经受住了时间的考验，在文学史上占有一席之地，并永远闪烁着光辉的不朽着作。这些名着的思想性和艺术性同上述两类“书”相比，那是有天壤之别的，读后就像品尝了“美味佳肴”一样，是回味无穷的。笔者早年在中学时代读书时，在课外时间里，就曾阅读了许多古今中外的文学名着，诸如《钢铁是怎样炼成的》、《牛虻》、《绞刑架下的报告》、《战争与和平》、《静静的顿河》、《红与黑》、《复活》、《简·爱》、《巴黎圣母院》、《青春之歌》、《红岩》、《红旗谱》、《红日》、《林海雪原》、《子夜》、《野火春风斗古城》、《保卫延安》、《铁道游击队》、《苦斗》、《三家巷》、《敌后武工队》、《苦菜花》、《春》、《创业史》、《暴风骤雨》等等。现在回想起来，感到这些名着当时对自己正确人生观、世界观的形成，是起到了不可低估的作用的，同时，因为经常阅读名着，也使当时的自己的写作水平得到了不断地提高，并为自己后来的写诗着文打下了扎实的基础。笔者自己敢断言，就是自己如果不在中学时代阅读了大量的古今中外的文学名着，到现在是绝对写不出已经在包括《人民日报》、《光明日报》、《法制日报》、《中国青年报》、《中国文化报》、《中国体育报》、《中国教育报》、《中国教师报》在内的全国70多家报刊上发表的100多万字的880多篇（首）诗文的。

So what kind of "books" should middle school students read after class? The author thinks that the best spiritual food for middle school students after class is the famous literature both at home and abroad. Why do middle school students read the famous literature in ancient and modern times? This is because: the so-called "famous works" are immortal works that have withstood the test of time, occupied a place in the history of literature and glittered forever. Compared with the above two kinds of "books", the ideological and artistic nature of these famous books is different from each other. After reading them, it is like tasting "delicious food", which has endless aftertaste. When I was in middle school in my early years, I read many famous literary works at home and abroad, such as how steel was tempered, gadfly, report under the gallows, war and peace, silent don, red and black, resurrection, Jane Eyre, Notre Dame of Paris, song of youth, Hongyan 》"Red flag spectrum", "red sun", "forest, sea, snow field", "Midnight", "wild fire, spring and wind fighting the ancient city", "defending Yan'an", "railway guerrillas", "bitter struggle", "Three Lanes", "enemy's rear martial arts team", "bitter cauliflower", "spring", "history of entrepreneurship", "storm" and so on. Now in retrospect, I feel that these famous poems played an important role in the formation of my correct outlook on life and the world at that time. At the same time, reading famous poems often improved my writing level and laid a solid foundation for my later writing of poems. I dare to assert that if I don't read a large number of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign literary titles in middle school, I can't write anything about it now in China, including people's daily, Guangming Daily, Legal Daily, China Youth Daily, China culture daily, China sports daily, China Education Daily, and China teachers daily More than 880 poems and articles with more than 1 million words published in many newspapers and magazines.

既然课外时间阅读文学名着好处甚多，那么，应该怎样去阅读文学名着呢？据笔者的体会，感到中学生在阅读文学名着的时候，一定要注意这样一个问题，就是不要走马观花一目十行蜻蜓点水地去阅读，而是要“慢嚼细咽”，同时还要写读书笔记和读后感。只有这样阅读文学名着，才能通过阅读文学名着，真正使自己理解问题分析问题的能力得到不断地提高，并能学习和掌握到许多高超的写作方法及技巧，使自己在写诗着文时下笔自如。

Since there are many advantages in reading literature in extracurricular time, how to read literature? According to the author's experience, I feel that when middle school students are reading literature, they must pay attention to such a problem, that is, they should not read at a glance, but "eat slowly and swallow carefully", and at the same time, they should write reading notes and feelings after reading. Only in this way can we improve our ability to understand and analyze problems, learn and master many excellent writing methods and skills, and write freely when writing poems and articles.