托福阅读推理题的正向推理与逆向推理

有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理，下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读推断题，希望能够帮助到你们，快来一起学习吧。

托福阅读推断题：认清类型，抓好关键词

推断题一般可以分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点、采用排除法是解决这两类推理题的共同策略。

推理题的解题思路主要有以下三个方向：

1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理 ：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：

例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。

三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点：

1.日期和数字。

2.关键词： 表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

总之，文中的关键词，观点，逻辑和平时的基本常识是解决这类问题的关键。

托福阅读长难句：成功的欺骗者

The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging——such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories——but rather in the damage that any successful cheater would do to its siblings, which share genes with one another. (TPO11, 45)

我是分界线，大家先自己速读哦。

The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs (of exaggerated begging)——(such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories)——but rather in the damage (that any successful cheater would do to its siblings), (which share genes with one another).(TPO11, 45)

分析：

这个句子主干是：The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs but rather in the damage，大家要注意这里的not…but结构，不是…而是

修饰一：(of exaggerated begging) ，介词短语，修饰costs

中文：夸张的乞讨

修饰二：—— (such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories) ，破折号，解释说明

中文：这些能量消耗相对于可能获得的能量相比是很少的

修饰三：(that any successful cheater would do to its siblings) ，从句，修饰damage

中文：任何一个成功的欺骗者会对它的兄弟姐妹造成伤害

修饰四：(which share genes with oneanother)，从句，修饰siblings

中文：彼此拥有相同的基因

参考翻译：

答案明显不在于夸张的乞讨所增加的能量消耗——这些能量消耗相对于可能获得的能量相比是很少的——而是在于任何一个成功的欺骗者会对和它有同样基因的兄弟姐妹造成伤害。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：对有声电影的批判

Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. (TPO12, 54)

perspective /pə'spektɪv/ n. 透视法，透视图;远景;观点，看法

strain n. 品种，类型

我是分界线，大家先自己一遍速读哦。

(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective),a strain of critical opinion inthe 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty (that would soon fade from sight),(just as had many previous attempts, (dating well back before the First World War),to link images with recorded sound).(TPO12, 54)

分析：

这句话的主干就是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that

修饰一：(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective)，从句

中文：虽然从以后的观点来看很难想象

修饰二：(that would soon fade from sight)，从句，修饰a technical novelty

中文：不久就会从视线里消失

修饰三：( just as had many previous attempts to link images with recorded sound)，从句，大家一定要注意这里的attempts to被插入语(dating well back before the FirstWorld War)隔开了，断句不要出问题

中文：就好像以前试图把图像和录音连接在一起的许多尝试一样。

修饰四：(dating well back before the First World War)，插入语

中文：追溯到一战以前

参考翻译：

虽然从以后的观点来看很难想象，但在20世纪20年代有一种批判的观点预测有声电影将会是不久就会从视线里消失的技术创新，就好像一战以前试图把图像和录音连接在一起的许多尝试一样。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、插入语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。