托福听力避免生词影响理解应对方法汇总

托托福考试如何避免听力拖后腿?补足短板要这么练。今天小编给大家带来托福考试如何避免听力拖后腿,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福考试如何避免听力拖后腿?补足短板要这么练

练听力做笔记提升记忆效果

在托福听力进行中，材料是只读一遍的，而且在有些题目中，考生只有在材料播放完之后才能看到题目。正因如此，考生在听的过程中做好笔记就成为了一个非常重要的环节。在记录笔记的过程中，大家要做到条理清晰、书写尽量工整、提倡使用一些自己惯用的缩写和图形来表达，提高记笔记的效率，并能够为答题时候高效准确地提取信息打下良好的基础。而只有这样，大家在看到了题目后，才能根据之前所记录的笔记，有条理地分析出最终答案。如果对听力材料的内容理解不是特别充分，或者对可能考查的重点及细节把握不够，都会造成听完材料之后却对题目不知如何着手，这就要求大家在听材料的过程中，除去对材料本身的理解把握及记录之外，还应该注意对话中谈话双方对所谈论内容的观点及态度，从而从整体上感知材料，形成对材料的整体的全面的把握。

合理切换听和写步骤保证节奏

在托福听力备考过程中，听写练习是一个非常重要的环节。而小编建议大家，对于听写练习的开展可以在有了一定听力基础后再正式开始。这么做的原因很简单，听力基础较好的同学可以完全把握好听和写的节奏，在记录“写”的内容时，也可以同时把握好“听”的同步进行，不会有相互博弈的问题产生。很多同学听写中常会自己跟自己打架，顾着听就来不及写，专心写又没听清后面说的内容，结果听也没听懂，记录也乱七八糟自己都看不懂。想要避免这种问题，考生一定要练好听与写之间的平衡和节奏感。

寻找自己的听力弱点盲区来改善

在听力练习完成之后，考生也不能简单地核对答案就觉得万事大吉。大家最好在核对答案的同时做好记录，查看一下自己有没有在同类问题或者相似内容出现反复错误的情况，通过对比发现可能存在的一些薄弱环节和高频盲区，及时调整之后的训练目标，有针对性地迅速搞定弱点问题，让自己的练习能有真正的快速提升。

不标准发音需及时纠正

有些考生可能会觉得，读音和听力有什么关系。实际上，不标准的发音不仅会影响到大家的口语考试，对于听力同样也是有损害的。明明标准发音是那样，考生自身认知的发音却有所差异，到了听力考试中就容易出现明明听到但听不懂的情况。实际上，因为发音问题导致自己听不懂标准考试听力发音的情况并不少见。而托福考试作为一门英语能力综合测试，各个题型之间所需求的英语能力其实也是相互关联的，纠正了读音问题，不仅会直接让各位的口语能力得到提升，也会让听力间接受益。因此，纠正读音问题对于听力来说也是必不可少的。

2020托福听力练习：加固水坝有利鱼类繁殖

In the early 19th century the fur industry reached what was then known as the Oregon Territories. Lewis and Clark found massive numbers of Pacific salmon and steelhead trout there, swimming among the beaver dams scattered across the Columbia River Basin.

But in an effort to starve American interests, Canada's Hudson's Bay Company tried to create a "fur desert" by killing off as many fur-bearing animals as they could. As a result, beavers had all but disappeared from the area by the year 1900. And once the beavers and their dams were gone, fish populations dropped.

Today, steelhead trout numbers in the region continue to fall. But scientists and government agencies are working to restore their habitats.

"We're looking for restoration approaches in these areas to recover ESA-listed species, but we really don't know what works and what doesn't." Nick Bouwes of the environmental consulting firm Eco Logical Research and Utah State University.

He says that the U.S. spends a billion dollars each year to restore watersheds, but without any real empirical information to guide those efforts. So Bouwes and his team tested the idea that by helping beavers, they could help the fish.

Dams naturally alter the flow of streams, providing fish with a variety of suitable habitats. But the watersheds have become so degraded that there's not enough woody vegetation available for the beavers to build strong dams. The flimsy ones they do build get washed away whenever there's a big storm.

"The idea was, can we reinforce these dams so that they maintain their integrity during high flows, and can be maintained by beavers to capture that sediment, to reconnect that floodplain?"

For seven years, the researchers compared Bridge Creek, which had lots of artificially strengthened dams, to Murderer's Creek, which had none. And in Bridge Creek, the fish flourished—despite the view held by some that beaver dams are bad for fish. The results are in the journal Scientific Reports.

"Beavers, they're really good at making a mess of a system, and it's that messiness that's exactly what we're looking for, by creating more complex fish habitat."

And costing just $11,000 for each kilometer of stream, artificial dam reinforcements are much cheaper than conventional restoration methods—since the beavers do most of the work for us. And that is a dam good deal.

毛皮行业在19世纪早期进入到当时著名的奥勒冈领土。刘易斯和克拉克发现，大量的太平洋鲑鱼和硬头鳟在哥伦比亚河流域的海狸水坝中游来游去。

但是为了节制美国的利益，加拿大哈德逊湾公司试图创建一个“毛皮沙漠”，尽可能多地杀死毛皮类动物。因此，海狸在1900年时几乎消失殆尽。一旦海狸和它们创造出来的水坝都不见了，鱼类数量就会开始下降。

现在，该地区的硬头鳟数量仍在继续下跌。但是科学家和政府机构正在努力恢复它们的栖息地。

“我们正在这些领域寻找修复方法以恢复ESA名单上的物种，但我们真的不知道哪种方法有效，哪种方法没有作用。”这是环境咨询公司生态研究公司和犹他州立大学的研究人员尼克·鲍威斯所说。

他说，美国每年在恢复流域方面花费10亿美元，但是没有任何实证信息来指导这些努力。所以鲍威斯和他的团队测试了通过帮助海狸来帮助鱼类的办法。

大坝可以自然地改变河流的流动，为鱼类提供各种合适的栖息地。但由于水域质量严重下降，导致没有足够的木本植物供海狸建造坚固的水坝。只要有大风暴来袭，它们建造的劣质水坝就会被冲走。

“我们的想法是，能不能通过加强这些水坝使它们在高流动性期间保持完整性，由海狸采集沉积物去填补洪泛区来保持完整性?”

七年来，研究者将有过很多人工加固水坝经历的Bridge Creek与没有人工加固水坝经历的Murderer's Creek,相比较。虽然有观点认为海狸水坝对鱼类有害，不过在Bridge Creek，鱼类大量繁殖起来。这项研究成果刊登在《科学》杂志上。

“海狸非常擅长扰乱系统，而这种干扰正是我们所需要的，因为这样能创造出更多复合鱼类栖息地。”

与传统修复方法相比，每公里河流只需花费1.1万美元的人工加固大坝更加便宜，因为海狸为我们做了大部分工作。这是一桩相当划算的交易。

重点讲解：

1. kill off 全部杀死;灭绝;

例句：his spray will kill off any pests or insects.

这种喷雾能够消灭任何的害虫或者昆虫。

2. as a result 结果;后果;

例句：As a result, daily output has doubled.

结果日产量翻了一番。

3. wash away 冲垮;冲走;

例句：Flood waters washed away one of the main bridges in Pusan.

洪水冲垮了釜山的一座主要桥梁。

4. be good at 擅长的;精通的;能干的;

例句：I'm pretty good at water skiing.

我对滑水橇很在行。

2020托福听力练习：火星卫星形成于火星大碰撞

Mars is a planet of outsized splendor. Despite being only half as big and a tenth as heavy as Earth, it bears the solar system’s tallest mountain, longest canyon and largest crater. At 22 and 12 kilometers wide, however, its inner moon Phobos and outer moon Deimos are figurative small potatoes. Scientists suspect both formed much as Earth’s single large moon did, from a massive debris disk ejected into orbit by a giant impact eons ago. But if Mars’s moons formed like Earth’s, why are they so very much smaller?

The answer may be that they did not form alone. New simulations from Pascal Rosenblatt of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and colleagues show how the debris disk from a giant impact on Mars could have generated additional moons a few hundreds of kilometers in size. After forming in the dense inner regions of the disk, those larger moons would have stirred the disk’s sparser outer reaches, allowing smaller companions like Phobos and Deimos to coalesce from the ripples. The study appears in the journal Nature Geoscience.

火卫一(Phobos).jpg

In this scenario, the reason we only see Phobos and Deimos today is that the bigger moons were destroyed a few million years after their formation. Their low, fast orbits outpaced Mars’s rotation, creating a tidal pull that sent them spiraling down to crash into the planet (Earth’s moon, by contrast, orbited slower than our planet’s rotation, allowing it to spiral outward and survive). Future investigations could test the new hypothesis by looking for clusters of Martian craters produced by the infalling moons, but in the meantime, proof that Mars can kill its companions is right before our eyes: The orbit of Deimos is stable, but Phobos is in a death spiral, losing two centimeters of altitude per year to Mars’s tidal pull. It will plunge into the planet in 20 million to 40 million years, leaving lonely, far-out Deimos as the last vestige of what may have been a once-mighty system of Martian moons.

For Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Lee Billings.

火星是一个拥有惊人光辉的行星。虽然火星的体积只有地球的一半，重量只有地球的十分之一，但是它拥有太阳系中最高的山峰、最长的峡谷以及最大的火山口。在22公里和12公里宽处，火星内部卫星火卫一和外部卫星火卫二像生动形象的两颗小土豆。科学家认为，这两颗卫星的形成与地球上形成唯一的月球类似，是亿万年前发生大碰撞时大量碎片被送入轨道而形成。但是如果火星卫星的形成与月球的形成过程类似，那为什么它们的体积会小这么多?

答案或许是它们并不是单独形成的。比利时皇家天文台的帕斯卡尔·罗森布拉特和他的同事进行了模拟试验，目的是说明火星大碰撞产生的碎片盘如何形成几百公里大小的卫星。在碎片盘密集的内区形成以后，较大的卫星会搅动碎片盘的稀松外延，允许火卫一和火卫二这样的小型卫星凝结而成。这项研究发表在《自然地球科学》期刊上。

在这种情况下，我们现在之所以只能看到火卫一和火卫二的原因是，那些较大的卫星在它们形成几百万年后被摧毁。它们在又低又快的轨道运行，速度超过了火星自转，因此而形成的潮汐推动它们盘旋而下，最终撞向火星。(相比之下，月球运行轨道的速度慢于地球自传，使其螺旋向外延展并生存下来。)未来的调查可以通过寻找由陨落卫星形成的火星陨石坑集群，来测试这一新假设，但与此同时，证明火星可以杀死其同伴的证据就展现在我们眼前：火卫二的运行轨道很稳定，但是火卫一处在“死亡螺旋”中，由于火星的潮汐力，火卫一的运行高度每年下降2厘米。在未来二千万至四千万年，火卫一将撞向火星，只留下非常遥远的火卫二，成为曾经辉煌的火星卫星系统的最后遗迹。

重点讲解：

1. by contrast 相比之下;与…相反;

例句：The private sector, by contrast, has plenty of money to spend.

相比之下，私营部门就有很多钱可供开销。

2. look for 寻找，寻求;

例句：You can look for the book in the library catalogue.

你可以在图书馆的图书目录上查找这本书。

3. in the meantime 在此期间;其间;

例句：In the meantime the sky is turning clear.

与此同时，天空开始晴朗起来。