翻译技巧：英语口译笔译长难句练习

口译是英语翻译的一个重要技能，口译的技巧有句式调整，断句和巧用连词，调整顺序，转换词性等，比如通过转换词性，可以把名词转为动词，或者把被动句调整为主动语态。。下面小编就和大家分享　口译技巧，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

口译技巧

1、句式调整

同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确，但句子结构不可能像交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排，对于英汉传译，往往需要采用英语句式的顺序：

【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.

【译】坦率地讲，思想和商品都将会在全球流通，不管有没有我们的帮助。

2、断句和巧用连词

处理长句是同传的基本功之一。翻译长句，除了断成译群外，还有一个关键要掌握，即英文句子之所以长是因为要避免重复使用同一个词，于是用 who、which、that 来代替主语或宾语，使得句子很长，而在中文中就不怕重复使用。

【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference.

【译】那就是单一货币政策 // 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上讨论。

为了保证译出语的连贯性和准确性，同传时尽量使用译入语的文法结构，在将其断为多个句群后可以使用一些润滑剂，即连词，将单个的句群联系起来。

3、调整顺序

在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说，比如：

【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point.

【译】我想先澄清一下，然后再讲下一部分。

【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point.

【译】我想谈下一部分，在这之前先澄清一点。

4、转换词性

☆ 名词转动词

【例】the development and application of new telecom service

【译】如果听到整句主语后才开始切入翻译会稍显滞后，此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词，这样其实也符合英语的表达方式。可译为：开发和运用新的电信业务。

【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry.

【译】可将此句译成：在中国， 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域，并将其向国外同行开放，这会极大推动第三产业的发展。

还有一些同类表达：

clear evidence of 清楚地表明

give impetus to 有力地推动

an obvious violation of 显然违反了

☆ 被动转主动

英语中大量使用被动句，目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构。这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别，造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力，特别是当句子主语较长时，在这种情况下，建议将语态由被动转成主动，往往会有柳暗花明之感：

【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.

【译】 必须做出安排……

【译】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence.

【译】中国的外交活动是严格遵循原则的，即和平共处五项原则。

5、及时调整错误

一般来说，在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性，但也不绝对，所以，如果具备了改错空间，当然提倡有错必改。

调整是同声翻译中的校译过程，是译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾，在使用“顺句驱动”翻译时，会出现译完主句又出现状语的情况。

2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译英译汉练习题

Climate Change: A Race We Must Win

We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.

Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?

To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a ‘net zero’ economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries’ nationally determined contributions by 2020, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050.

As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars’ investment in renewable energy in 2017. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of China’s total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with efforts to combat climate change.

As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities, and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy. In the meantime, as the world’s most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive.

The UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders, as well as China’s growing support to other developing countries. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives are in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions – bringing China’s successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs. Considering the scale of China’s commitments, the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore, the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of China’s global development initiatives and investments.

Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change – as this is a race that we can and must win.

气候变化：一场我们必须打赢的比赛

我们面临着气候危机的新时代。2019年7月是有记录以来最热的一个月，2015年至2019年有望成为人类历史上最热的5年。大气中的二氧化碳含量达到了人类历史上的最高点。与气候变化有关的自然灾害比以往任何时候都更加频繁，干旱、飓风、热浪和山体滑坡的频发造成了大范围人员伤亡，给许多国家和人民造成了巨大的经济损失，尤其是社会中最脆弱的群体受影响最为严重。联合国亚太经济社会委员会最新报告显示，该地区自然灾害造成的经济损失高达每年6750亿美元，影响近1.5亿人。

时间一分一秒地过去。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的报告表明，我们需要共同确保全球气温上升不超过1.5摄氏度。这意味着我们必须在2030年前减少45%的排放量，并在2050年前实现碳中和。这些目标似乎过于雄心勃勃，但考虑到气候变化对所有国家和人民所产生的深远影响，全球变暖日益严重所产生的后果年轻一代将首当其冲，我们绝不能将气候变化孤立开来，不能小觑其可能产生的后果和影响。

面对气候变化的现实，我们需要清醒地认识到，人类的发展只有在自然界繁荣的情况下才能蓬勃发展。这是联合国可持续发展目标的前提，展望未来十年，这些目标变得更加紧迫。我们该如何作为一个国际社会共同努力?

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯将于9月23日在联合国大会期间主持2019年气候行动峰会，以提振雄心，增强政治意愿，鼓励落实《巴黎气候变化协定》的具体行动。首脑会议将汇集各国政府、私营部门、民间社会、地方当局和其他国际组织，在六个领域制定雄心勃勃的解决办法：全球范围内向可再生能源过渡;可持续和适应力强的基础设施和城市;可持续农业和森林及海洋管理;对气候影响的恢复力和适应能力;公共和私人金融向“净零”经济看齐。峰会要传递的信息很明确：我们需要具体、现实的计划，到2020年提高各国的自主贡献，在未来10年将温室气体排放量减少45%，到2050年实现“净零”排放。

作为世界第二大经济体，中国在履行《巴黎协定》方面发挥了重要作用，中国的领导和承诺对实现《巴黎协定》的目标至关重要。中国绿色经济发展取得了显著进展，2017年可再生能源投资超过1250亿美元。目前，中国可再生能源新增就业人数已超过石油和天然气行业。在十三五计划实施期间，中国已经超额完成目标的3%，降低能源强度15%。中国还是全球率先使用电动公交车的国家，根据彭博新能源财经研究估计，18%中国公交车汽车实现电气化。这表明，与之前的五年计划目标相比，非化石燃料的重要性显著提高。中国从发展可再生能源产业和绿色经济中获益的事实也为有些人错误地认为经济的活力和增长与应对气候变化不可兼得提供了一个主要的反例。

全球性挑战向来不受国境线的限制，气候变化这一全球性议题需要在国际层面协调解决方案，要求所有发达国家承担更大的责任，发展中国家向低碳经济迈进。作为世界上人口最多的国家和最大的碳排放国之一，中国可以在应对全球气候变化方面发挥更重要的作用，最大限度地发挥其巨大的减排潜力，进一步加快进度。

联合国致力于与中国政府、私营部门、非政府组织、青年和其他主要利益攸关方一道，支持中国减少气候变化的努力，提高认识，培养下一代气候领导人，并不断加大对其他发展中国家的支持力度。在各项倡议的支持下，例如一带一路倡议，联合国和中国可以紧密合作，充分利用基础设施投资，促进发展中国家从化石燃料密集型的经济向绿色和低碳经济的过渡，确保项目符合可持续发展目标。南南合作也可以促进气候解决方案的交流，将中国的成功经验推广到发展中国家，并根据当地的实际情况和需求，因地制宜地调整方法论。考虑到中国承诺的规模，这些全球合作的潜在影响将是巨大的。因此，联合国愿继续与中国保持伙伴关系，确保将环境可持续性、减缓气候变化和提高适应能力置于中国全球发展倡议和投资的首位。

如果将气候行动比作一场比赛，那么气候变化现在的速度比我们快，我们需要更大的决心来应对这一挑战，因为这是一场我们能够而且必须获胜的比赛。

2020年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料

常驻联合国代表张军大使在安理会中导问题公开会上的发言

Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at Security Council on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

2019年8月22日

22 August 2019

主席女士，

Madam President,

我认真听取了中满泉副秘书长所作通报。

I have listened carefully to the briefing by USG Nakamitsu.

1987年美苏达成的《中导条约》是军控与裁军领域的重要条约。条约明确将加强战略稳定作为目标，有效缓解了美苏在欧洲的中导军备竞赛，有利于增进大国战略互信，缓和国际关系，推进核裁军进程。The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed between the US and the USSR in 1987 is an important treaty on arms control and disarmament. Taking strengthening strategic stability as its objective, the treaty effectively mitigated the arms race on intermediate-range missiles between the US and USSR in Europe and helped to enhance strategic mutual trust between major powers, ease international relations and advance nuclear disarmament process.

进入新世纪以来，维护《中导条约》有效性，不仅对美俄两国，也对国际和地区的和平与安全具有重要现实意义。美俄本应通过对话协商妥善处理关于履约问题的分歧，切实维护条约有效性。但美国单方面退约导致条约失效，将对全球战略平衡与稳定、欧洲和亚太地区安全及国际军控体系产生深远消极影响，国际社会应对此保持清醒认识。在《中导条约》问题上，中方已多次表明立场，拿中国作为退约借口是不可接受的。中方拒绝美方的无理指责。

Entering the new century, safeguarding the effectiveness of the INF treaty is of great practical significance not only to the United States and Russia but also to international and regional peace and security. The two countries should have properly handled differences over treaty compliance through dialogue and consultation to earnestly safeguard the effectiveness of the treaty. However, the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the treaty led to the demise of the treaty, which will have a far-reaching negative impact on global strategic balance and stability, regional security in Europe and Asia as well as international arms control regime. The international community should be clear headed about this impact. On the INF issue, China has made clear its position on many occasions. It is unacceptable to use China as an excuse for leaving the treaty, and China rejects the baseless accusation by the United States.

主席女士，

Madam President,

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长。同时，国际安全面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出。多边主义是应对共同挑战的有效途径，各国应坚定维护以国际法和《联合国宪章》宗旨原则为核心的国际秩序，秉持共同、综合、合作和可持续的新安全观，充分尊重各国正当合理安全关切，努力塑造和平稳定的国际安全环境，推动构建人类命运共同体。

The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times, with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. At the same time, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. Multilateralism is the effective means to address common challenges. All countries should resolutely safeguard international order with international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at its core, embrace a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, fully respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, work hard for a peaceful and stable international security environment and promote a community of a shared future for mankind.

《联合国宪章》赋予安理会维护国际和平与安全的重要职责，安理会成员应展现责任担当，各国均应避免采取损害别国安全利益的举动。美方在正式退出《中导条约》前即宣称计划加快中导研发和部署，并已于日前试射新型陆基巡航导弹。中方强烈敦促有关国家本着高度负责的态度，保持克制，切实维护现有军控体系，维护全球战略平衡与稳定，维护国际和地区和平与安宁。这是国际社会的共同呼声。

The UN Charter entrusts the Security Council with the important responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Council members should earnestly fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. All countries should refrain from taking actions that undermine the security interests of other countries. Prior to its official withdrawal from the INF treaty, the United States already announced its plan to accelerate the development and deployment of intermediate range missiles. And lately, it conducted a test launch of land-based cruise missile. China strongly urges the relevant country to take a highly responsible attitude, exercise restraint and earnestly preserve the existing arms control regime in an effort to safeguard global strategic balance and stability and international and regional peace and security. This is the shared message from the international community.

退出《中导条约》是美国奉行单边主义、推卸国际义务的又一消极举动，其真实目的是自我松绑、谋求单方面绝对军事优势。中国始终奉行防御性的国防政策，拥有的陆基中程导弹全部部署在本国境内，完全出于防御目的，不威胁任何国家。中方坚决反对美国在亚太地区部署陆基中导，要求美方在此方面保持理性和克制。

Withdrawal from the INF treaty is yet another act of unilateralism and escape from international obligations by the United States. It is aimed at relieving restrictions and seeking absolute military advantage. China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive nature. China’s land-based intermediate range missiles are all deployed within the Chinese territory. It is for defense purposes only and poses no threat to any country. China firmly opposes US deployment of land-based intermediate range missiles in the Asia-Pacific and urges the United States to be cool-headed and exercise restraint.

主席女士，

Madam President,

国际军控与裁军条约体系是全球战略平衡与稳定的基石，与国际和平安全息息相关。核裁军是《不扩散核武器条约》的三大支柱之一，是核领域全球治理的重要组成部分。各国应遵循“维护全球战略稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”等原则，循序渐进推进核裁军进程。拥有最大核武库的国家应切实履行核裁军特殊、优先责任。我们支持俄罗斯在此方面作出的政治外交努力，支持并鼓励俄罗斯和美国就战略安全和双边核裁军问题保持对话，致力于《美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性战略武器措施的条约》延期，并继续以可核查、不可逆、具有法律约束力的方式大幅削减核武库，为推进多边核裁军进程创造必要条件。

The international arms control and disarmament treaty system, as the cornerstone of global strategic balance and stability, bears on international peace and security. Nuclear Disarmament, as one of the three pillars of the NPT, constitutes an important part of global governance in the nuclear field. All countries should follow the principles of “maintaining global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all” and advance disarmament process in a step-by-step manner. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals have special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament. We support the political and diplomatic efforts made by Russia, support and encourage Russia and the United States to maintain dialogue on strategic security and bilateral nuclear disarmament issues, commit themselves to the extension of the New START Treaty, continue to make substantive reduction in their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible and legally binding manner with a view to creating necessary conditions for advancing multilateral nuclear disarmament processes.

我要强调，任何军控谈判都应充分考虑各国整体军事实力，并遵循“各国安全不受减损”这一国际军控基本原则。中方已多次就所谓“中美俄军控谈判”提议表明立场，现阶段中方无意也不会参加所谓“中美俄军控谈判”。

I must emphasize that for any arms control negotiation, it is imperative to fully consider the overall military capabilities of countries and follow the principle of “undiminished security for all”, a basic principle of international arms control. China has repeatedly stated its position on the so-called arms control negotiation with the United States and Russia. China has no interest and will not be part of it.

中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策，中国自卫防御的核战略完全透明，中国的核政策高度负责，中国的核武库规模极为有限，从不对国际和平与安全构成威胁。几十年来，中国一贯积极参与联合国、裁军谈判会议等多边机制框架下的军控磋商与谈判，反对军备竞赛，维护全球战略平衡和稳定。未来中方将继续坚定维护多边主义，积极参与多边军控进程，为维护国际和平与安全贡献力量。

China unswervingly pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. China’s nuclear strategy for self-defense is completely transparent and its nuclear policy is highly responsible. China’s nuclear arsenal is extremely limited in scale, and poses no threat to international peace and security. For decades, China has actively participated in arms control consultations and negotiations under multilateral mechanisms and frameworks including those of the United Nations and Conference on Disarmament. China opposes arms race and works to safeguard global strategic balance and stability. Moving forward, China will continue to firmly uphold multilateralism, actively participate in multilateral arms control processes to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security.

谢谢主席女士。

Thank you, Madam President.