托福听力高效备考该用哪本教材

托福听力25分迟迟无法提升怎么办?是时候尝试这些备考方法了。今天小编给大家带来托福听力25分迟迟无法提升怎么办，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力25分迟迟无法提升怎么办?是时候尝试这些备考方法了

1. 概述Summary

Summary指的是“概述，大意”的意思，具体指的是我们在听到一篇听力材料后所进行的概括。这并不需要我们听懂材料的每一个细节，但是要能够抓住说话人的思路和框架。这个训练对于托福听力至关重要，因为托福听力，尤其是讲座，并不需要我们听懂每一个细节，更重要的是教授讲课的思路和全文的重要细节。很多同学听完一篇听力材料时，问他听到了什么，他只能说出一个又一个零散的单词，这是远远不够的。

练习summary的方法很简单，就以托福听力的讲座为材料，一边听一边记笔记，录音结束，然后自己根据大脑的记忆和笔记进行全文重点内容的英文复述，然后再反复，直到练到可以将一篇讲座顺畅的复述出来为止。这样练上几十篇，你对把握听力材料整体的能力就会有极大的提高。

2. 听写Dictation

Dictation，也就是听写，它指的是将一篇听力录音中的原文全部听抄下来。为什么要进行听写?因为它是听力提高最有效的方法。为什么听写是听力提高最有效的方法?因为它能将一个人听力中所有细枝末节的问题都暴露出来，然后订正，全部解决掉，这样自然最有效率，也最深刻。

那么对于准备托福考试的考生而言，最好的听写材料是什么?是老托的lecture。为什么老托的lecture是最好的听写材料?因为新托是老托的延续，老托和新托在题材、词汇，和难度上都大致相当。当然，如果基础比较薄弱的同学，可以先花一个月的时间将新概念第二和第三册的美英版先听写完，然后再来听写老托的lecture，这样会更加磨刀不误砍柴功。

3. 精听Intensive listening

Intensive listening，指的是精听。小编所说的“精听”，并不只是指全神贯注地听，当然，这是必须的。我所说的“精听”步骤如下：

(1)一边听一边看着原文，手上拿着笔，划出自己不认识或似曾相识但反应不过来的词;

(2)录音结束，开始查生词，写在原文的旁边，只需要写这个单词在这篇文章的意思就可以;

(3)将这篇材料当阅读文章快速精读一遍，彻底看懂;

(4)再一边看着原文，一边放录音，并且嘴上跟读，反复几遍，一直听到可以不看原文彻底听懂为止。

此外，一定要多注意听力中的信号词

表示因果关系

as a result 、therefore 、since、for 、for this reason 、so、because 、consequently 、as、thus

表示序列关系

first 、before 、first of all、on the right/left、next、to begin with、turn right/left 、afterward、meanwhile、second、 last but not least 、for a start、third 、finally、 until、between 、firstly 、subsequently、then 、secondly 、previously、in the middle 、for one thing、 for another、after 、in the first place

表示结论

as a result、altogether 、finally、in short、therefore 、overall、in sum 、thus、 on the whole、in brief 、accordingly、to conclude、in a word 、consequently、 to sum up、in conclusion、 so 、to summarize

表示列举

and、in addition to that、one more thing 、what’s more 、besides 、too、as well as、for instance 、both and 、together、for example 、further more 、such as、in addition 、likewise、 like、similarly、moreover

表示转折关系

although 、by contract 、as a matter of fact、nevertheless 、in contrast 、instead、 however 、while 、otherwise、though、 but 、despite、on the contrary 、on the other hand 、in the same way、in spite of 、yet 、whereas

表示强调

that is 、in particular、 I mean、namely、 especially、 actually、in other words 、that is to say 、specially、another way of saying、 equally

表示定义

define, is defined as, known as, that is, the term means, we mean, we can state

4. 高质量泛听High-quality extensive listening

High-quality extensive listening，指的是高质量的泛听。泛听不用像精听那样每个细节都得突破，只需要把握住整体的语流，听懂说话人的大概意思就可以。而高质量的泛听，指的是必须全神贯注的听。泛听的“泛”并不指态度的懒散，而是针对整体的要求。

泛听最佳的材料有两个：一个是National Geographic(国家地理)，另一个是Discovery(探索)。看的时候，一定要有英文字幕。每天看一集，养成习惯，会有极大收获。

5. 高难度材料Challenging materials

Challenging materials，意思是“有挑战性的材料”，指的是备考托福听力，平时听力练习的最高难度一定要超越考试难度，这样在考试的时候才会有居高临下的感觉，稳定地取得好成绩。挑战性的材料有这么几类：

第一，美国大学上课的课堂录像或录音，现在很多美国大学已经将自己大学的许多教授的课堂录像放在了互联网上，这是一个极佳的挑战听力难度的材料;

第二，巴朗上的试题，一定要做完。另外，如果觉得试题难度低，可以利用软件加两倍速度来做，这样就会超越考试难度。

6. 下意识听力训练Subconscious listening practice

Subconscious listening practice，意思是“下意识的听力练习”，它指的是我们要自己为自己创造一个英文的环境，比如早晨一起床，我们就打开音箱播放英语，可以是托福的听力机经材料，也可以是英文广播，也可以是一部英文电影，只要是英文的就行，这样做的好处是我们随时都可以听到英语，这样会在潜移默化中加强我们对英语的敏感。

2020托福听力练习：城市与乡村的红腹灰雀对比

City dwellers can attest that the animals they share the city with—the pigeons, rats, roaches—can be pretty brazen when they're prowling for a bite.

While visiting Barbados, McGill University neurobiologist Jean-Nicolas Audet, noticed that local bullfinches were accomplished thieves.

"They were always trying to steal our food.

And we can see those birds entering in supermarkets, trying to steal food there."

And that gave him an idea.

"Since this bird species is able to solve amazing problems in cities, and they're also present in rural areas, we were wondering" are the rural birds also good problem-solvers, and they just don't take advantage of their abilities?

Or are they fundamentally different?

So Audet and his McGill colleagues captured Barbados bullfinches, both in the island's towns and out in the countryside.

They then administered the bird equivalent of personality and IQ tests:assessing traits like boldness and fear, or timing how quickly the finches could open a puzzle box full of seeds.

And it turns out the city birds really could solve puzzles faster.

They were bolder, too, except when it came to dealing with new objects—perhaps assuming, unlike their more naive country cousins, that new things can either mean reward…or danger.

The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology.

The city birds bested their country counterparts in another trait:they have more robust immune systems, possibly from scavenging food and water in dirty places.

Which suggests that sometimes, a city's dirt and grit could be the very thing that gives avian residents a wing up.

City dwellers can attest that the animals they share the city with—the pigeons, rats, roaches—can be pretty brazen when they're prowling for a bite. 城市里的居民可以作证，与他们共同生活在城市中的鸽子、老鼠、蟑螂等动物在捕猎时非常厚颜无耻。

While visiting Barbados, McGill University neurobiologist Jean-Nicolas Audet, noticed that local bullfinches were accomplished thieves as well. 麦吉尔大学的神经生物学家简恩尼古拉斯·奥德特在参观巴巴多斯时发现当地的红腹灰雀是技艺娴熟的小偷。

They were always trying to steal our food. 它们一直都在偷我们的食物。

And we can see those birds entering in supermarkets, trying to steal food there. And that gave him an idea. 而且我们发现这些鸟会进入超级市场，试图偷那里的食物。而这给了奥德特灵感。

Since this bird species is able to solve amazing problems in cities, and they're also present in rural areas, we were wondering are the rural birds also good problem-solvers, and they just don't take advantage of their abilities? 既然这种鸟能在城市中解决令人称奇的问题，我们就想到，身处偏远乡村地区的它们是否也能很好的解决问题，还是只是没有善加利用自己的能力呢?

Or are they fundamentally different? 或者这些鸟是因地区而完全不同呢?

So Audet and his McGill colleagues captured Barbados bullfinches, both in the island's towns and out in the countryside. 因此奥德特和他的同事们抓来了巴巴多斯城镇及乡村的红腹灰雀进行比较研究。

They then administered the bird equivalent of personality and IQ tests: 而后他们对这种鸟的性格及智商进行了评估测试：

assessing traits like boldness and fear, or timing how quickly the finches could open a puzzle box full of seeds. 其中包括胆量及恐惧等特征测试环节，以及红腹灰雀琢开一个装满种子的谜题箱需要多长时间。

And it turns out the city birds really could solve puzzles faster. 结果表明城市中的红腹灰雀能够更快的解决难题。

They were bolder, too, except when it came to dealing with new objects—perhaps assuming, unlike their more naive country cousins, that new things can either mean reward…or danger. 同时它们的胆子也更大。但在应对新鲜事物方面则是乡村鸟儿更胜一筹，因为新鲜的事物对它们而言要么是奖励，要么是危险。

The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology. 这项研究已在《行为生态学》杂志上发表。

The city birds bested their country counterparts in another trait: 城市的红腹灰雀在另外一个方面也占据优势：

they have more robust immune systems, possibly from scavenging food and water in dirty places. 它们有更强健的免疫系统，可能是其本身清除食物及水中脏东西的能力所致。

Which suggests that sometimes, a city's dirt and grit could be the very thing that gives avian residents a wing up. 这表明，有时一个城市的污垢和砂砾可能对生活在其中的鸟类居民而言至关重要。

2020托福听力练习：基因电路辅助细胞计算机

Our smartphones, tablets, laptops—they all compute things electronically. But, think outside that silicon box for a second: "There's nothing special about electrons and using silicon as part of computing." Chris Voigt, a bioengineer at M.I.T.. "You can do computing with any number of things." Including, he says, DNA.

"Cells do computing all the time. So they're constantly trying to interpret their environment and be able to turn on different genes and respond to it." And those genes in a cellular circuit are like the logic gates, the memory, and other systems found in conventional computers.

So Voigt and his colleagues created what he calls the first human-made "programming language" for living cells. It’s an open-source design environment called "Cello." Just write what you want the cell to do, and Cello spits out the DNA sequence—as if you were compiling code. The researchers used the platform to design 60 genetic circuits, which they then ran inside E. coli bacteria. Many of these DNA-based circuits allow bacteria to sense environmental data - like levels of oxygen or glucose in the gut - and respond in various ways. They detail the findings in the journal Science.

Not all the circuits worked as intended. A quarter of them failed, and some were toxic to the cells. But the idea is to make cellular circuit design easier—and more approachable—to creative people. "When I was a graduate student I had a computer file for Microsoft Word that had all my favorite pieces of DNA. And I would have to sit there and stitch it together and try to remember how each one worked, and constantly run programs to try to look for mistakes."

Cello takes care of all that. And now, Voigt says, biology is right about where electrical engineering was in the early 80s: ready for a computing revolution.

Our smartphones, tablets, laptops-they all compute things electronically. 我们的智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本--它们都是以电子方式进行计算。

But, think outside that silicon box for a second: "There's nothing special about electrons and using silicon as part of computing." 但是，考虑一下硅制盒子之外的事物："利用电子和硅进行计算并无特殊之处。"

Chris Voigt, a bioengineer at M.I.T.. "You can do computing with any number of things." Including, he says, DNA. 克里斯·沃伊特是麻省理工学院的生物工程师。"你可以利用计算机计算任何事物的数量。" DNA也包括在内。

Cells do computing all the time. 细胞一直都在进行计算。

So they're constantly trying to interpret their environment and be able to turn on different genes and respond to it. 所以，它们一直在试图了解周围的环境，并控制DNA，并对其作出反应。

And those genes in a cellular circuit are like the logic gates, the memory, and other systems found in conventional computers. 这些在细胞电路中的基因就像传统电脑中的逻辑门、内存和其他的系统。

So Voigt and his colleagues created what he calls the first human-made "programming language" for living cells. 所以，沃伊特和同事们创造了人类首例的活细胞"编程语言"。

It's an open-source design environment called "Cello." 这种开放源码的设计环境称为"Cello"。

Just write what you want the cell to do, and Cello spits out the DNA sequence-as if you were compiling code. 你只需写下需要细胞做些什么，这时候 Cello翻译DNA序列--就好像你在进行编码。

The researchers used the platform to design 60 genetic circuits, which they then ran inside E. coli bacteria. 研究人员利用这一平台设计了60个遗传电路，他们可以利用这些遗传电路应用于大肠杆菌内部。

Many of these DNA-based circuits allow bacteria to sense environmental data - like levels of oxygen or glucose in the gut - and respond in various ways. 许多基于 DNA的电路都允许细菌感觉环境数据--例如大肠中的氧气以及葡萄糖的含量--并通过不同的方式作出反应。

They detail the findings in the journal Science. 该研究结果发表在《科学》杂志上。

Not all the circuits worked as intended. 但是并不是所有的电路都会按照预期的方式运行。

A quarter of them failed, and some were toxic to the cells. 有1/4的电路失败了，而有的电路则会毒害细胞。

But the idea is to make cellular circuit design easier-and more approachable-to creative people. 但是，这种创作想法会使有创新精神的人将细胞电路设 计更加简单--更易成功。

When I was a graduate student I had a computer file for Microsoft Word that had all my favorite pieces of DNA. 当我还在读研究生的时候，我有一个电脑文件里面包含了我最爱的DNA片段。

And I would have to sit there and stitch it together and try to remember how each one worked, and constantly run programs to try to look for mistakes. 我会坐在那里，将这些片断拼接到一起，并试图记住这 些片断是如何运作的，我还经常运行程序试图找到其中的错误。

Cello takes care of all that. And now, Voigt says, biology is right about where electrical engineering was in the early 80s: ready for a computing revolution. Cello会处理以上所有的问题。现在，沃伊特称生物学就像80年代早期的电器工程：已经为计算机革命做好准备。