2015年中考英语写作指导

　　学生写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。要使文章耐人寻味，有深度，同学们就应尝试使用一些高级词汇或句型，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给读者(尤其是阅卷老师留下深刻印象)。具体说来，同学们可尝试以下方法：

　　1. 灵活改变句子开头

　　在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。如：

　　(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

　　→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

　　在小山顶上有一座古庙。

　　(2) You can do it well only in this way.

　　→ Only in this way can you do it well.

　　只有这样你才能把它做好。

　　(3) A young woman sat by the window.

　　→ By the window sat a young woman.

　　窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

　　2. 避免重复使用同一词语

　　为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

　　I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

　　→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

　　我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

　　3. 合理使用省略句

　　合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

　　(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

　　→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

　　他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

　　(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

　　→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

　　如果天气好，我们就去;如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

　　(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

　　→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

　　她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

　　4. 适当运用非谓语结构

　　非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

　　(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

　　→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

　　听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

　　(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

　　→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

　　由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

　　(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

　　→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

　　他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

　　5. 结合使用长句与短句

　　在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

　　At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

　　→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

　　中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

　　6. 适当使用短语代替单词。

　　(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

　　→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

　　他已决定长大了当老师。

　　(2) He doesn't like music.

　　→ He doesn't care much for music.

　　他不大喜欢音乐。

　　(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

　　→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

　　他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

　　7. 恰当套用某些固定表达。

　　(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

　　→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

　　他太累了，不能再往前走了。

　　(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

　　→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

　　这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

　　(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.