【导语】成功根本没有秘诀可言，如果有的话，就有两个：第一个就是坚持到底，永不言弃；第二个就是当你想放弃的时候，回过头来看看第一个秘诀，坚持到底，永不言弃，祝大家跟着成功的步伐，努力备考，考入理想院校。以下是
句型一
... XX ... have been used for ... The former / first ... The latter / second ...
原文
Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him…The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service. 驯象主要有两种方法，可分别称为强硬法和温柔法。简而言之，前一种方法就是让象干活，并把它打到顺从为止……温柔法在早期需要(驯象者)更大的耐心，但驯出的象心甘情愿，脾气好，会为主人忠心服务多年。
巧用
Three approaches can be used for improving air quality. The first is to plant more trees ... The next is to use clean energy ... Finally, the government needs to optimize industrial layout. 有三种方法可以改善空气质量。一是增加绿化，而是使用清洁能源，三是优化工业布局。
点评
该例是说明文极为常见的类型，叙述时如果想使语言增加变化，可采用词汇替换等手段。另需注意：说明文宜多采用被动式，译成汉语时可考虑采用主动式。
考博英语是各博士研究生招生院校初试必考科目，也是复试分数线的其中一项，所以考博英语应该引起大家的重视。考博英语的复习大家还是要先了解所要报考的研究生院考博英语题型(各院校考试题型难度不同)，根据题型及自己的薄弱环节有针对性的复习。
