2012年四川大学考博英语真题及答案

　　【导语】生活中，我们每天都在尝试中，我们走向成功，品味失败，走过心灵的阴雨晴空。运动员们，不要放弃尝试，无论失败与否，重要的是你勇于参与的精神，付出的背后是胜利。无论是否成功，我们永远赞美你，你们永远是我们的骄傲。以下我

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：房价问题

　　中国房价问题近年来一直是社会热门话题。大中型城市房价一直居高不下且呈逐渐上涨的趋势。有的年轻人根本买不起房，有的则成为了房奴(mortgage slaves)。房奴是近几年出现的社会流行词。顾名思义，房奴的意思是房屋的奴隶。这些人为买房而向银行借贷款，然后用一生的精力来偿还。据某房地产网站的调查，中国约32%的人月供占到了收入的50%以上，成为了名副其实的房奴。他们在享受有房的心理安慰的同时，也承受着巨大的精神压力，生活质量大为下降。

　　参考译文：

　　Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high,with the trend of further going up.Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves.Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests,house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses.These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts.According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment,so they indeed became slaves of the house.While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses,they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly.

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：经济全球化

　　经济全球化(Economic globalization)必然带来文化产品和服务的全球化。我国对外开放的进一步扩大，既为我们学习借鉴世界优秀文化成果，推动我国文化走向世界提供了有利条件，也使我国文化面临激烈的国际竞争。从目前的情况看，我国的文化体制还不能完全适应经济全球化的新形势，我国深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的文化资源还没有转化为国际影响力和竞争力。

　　如果不加快发展，形成我们自己的文化优势，就难以在激烈的国际文化竞争中站稳脚跟。

　　参考译文：

　　Economic globalization will inevitably bring about the globalization of cultural products and services.Further expansion of China's opening up provides favorable conditions for us to learn from the world's outstanding cultural achievements,and promote our culture to the world; at the same time, it puts high pressure of competition on our culture. Based on the current situation,China's cultural system still doesn't fully adapt to the new situation of economic globalization.Efforts are needed to transform China's rich cultural heritage and rich cultural resources into international influence and competitiveness.If we do not speed up development and build up our own cultural superiority,it is difficult to gain a firm foothold in the highly competitive international culture.

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：银发产业

　　“银发产业”是一个新名词，是指以老年人为目标客户的产业。其范围十分广泛，包括健康服务、家政服务、旅游娱乐和教育等各个领域。随着中国进入老龄化社会，银发产业蓬勃发展。老年人出游人数逐年增长。越来越多的老年人选择在退休后进入老年大学学习。相关统计数据表明，全国60岁以上的老人超过了总人口的11%。目前，“银发产业”市场需求达到8000亿元左右，产业还有很大的发展空间。

　　参考译文：

　　Silver industry is a new term referring to the industry targeted at senior citizens.It covers a wide range of fields,including health service,home service,tourism and entertainment,education and so on.With China stepping into the aging society,the silver industry gets prosperous.More and more elderly people go travelling every year and choose to study in the universities for senior citizens after they retire.Related statistics show that the number of senior citizens aged more than 60 accounts for 11-odd percent of the population in China.At present,the market demand of the silver industry stands at about 800 billion RMB,giving great room for the industry to develop.

　　重点词汇：

　　银发产业 silver industry

　　新名词 new term

　　老年人 senior citizen/the elderly/the aged

　　健康服务 health service

　　家政服务 home service

　　旅游娱乐 tourism and entertainment

　　老龄化社会 aging society

　　蓬勃发展 get prosperous

　　老年大学 university for senior citizens

　　相关统计数据 related statistics

　　市场需求 market demand

　　发展空间 room to develop

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：中国朝代

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　中国有4000多年的历史，是世界最古老的文明之一。从公元前21世纪的夏朝开始至清朝结束，中国历经历过几十个朝代的变更。每个朝代在政治、经济、文化、科技领域等都有独特的成就。汉朝是当时世界上最先进的帝国。”汉族“(the Han Nationality)这一名称就得名于汉朝。唐朝因统一时间长、国力强盛而被国人铭记，因此在海外的中国人自称为“唐人”(Tang people)。宋朝和明朝是经济、文化、教育与科学高度繁荣的时代。但朝代的更替一般会导致连年战争，给人民大众带来了难以言表的痛苦。

　　参考翻译:

　　With a history of more than 4,000 years,China is one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world.From Xia Dynasty in the 21st century BC to Qing Dynasty,China experienced dozens of dynasties in history.Each dynasty achieved unique accomplishments in the fields of politics, economy,culture,science and technology,etc.Han Dynasty was the most advanced empire at that time,which contributes to the formation of the name "the Han Nationality' Tang Dynasty impressed Chinese for its long time unification and powerful national strength,because of which overseas Chinese call themselves "Tang people" abroad.Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty were periods when economy,culture,education and science were highly prosperous.But the change from one dynasty to another usually led to long-lasting wars,which brought unspeakable suffering for the masses.

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：中国地理

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸，总面积约960万平方公里，是世界第三大国家。中国南北相距约5500公里，东西相距约5200公里，在地图上的形状像一只雄鸡(rooster)。中国地势(terrain)西高东低，地形多种多样，包括山地、高原(plateau)、丘陵(foothill)、盆地、平原。中国山地面积广大，几乎占陆地面积的三分之二，蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。中国大陆海岸线长达18000公里，沿海岛屿数量众多，台湾岛是岛屿。中国有许多河流湖泊，是中国地理环境的重要组成部分。

　　参考翻译:

　　Situated in eastern Asia, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, China is the world's third largest country with a total area of 9.6 million square kilometers. Extending about 5,500 kilometers from north to south and 5,200 kilometers from west to east, the shape of China on the map is like a rooster. Its terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east with great varieties, including mountains, plateaus, foothills, basins and plains. China's mountainous areas, broad and vast, occupy nearly two-thirds of the land area and have abundant mineral resources. Chinese mainland has a coastline of 18,000 kilometers and a large number of offshore islands, with Taiwan Island the biggest one. There are numerous rivers and lakes in China, which make up an important part of China's geographical environment.

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：甲骨文

　　甲骨文(oracle bone script)是中国现存最早的文宇。这些刻在龟甲(tortoise shell)或兽骨上的文字已相当成熟。没认识甲骨文之前，人们都把这些甲骨当作药材。清代(the QingDynasty)学者王懿荣偶然发现了这些龟甲和兽骨。在仔细研究之后，他认为这些刻在甲骨上的符号是3000多年前商代(the Shang Dynasty)的文字。从这些文字中可以大致了解商代统治者的日常生活情况。甲骨文为研究汉字起源提供了重要的资料。

　　参考译文：

　　The oracle bone script is the earliest existingcharacters in China. These characters carved ontortoise shells or animal bones are quite mature.Before recognizing the oracle bone script, peopleregarded the shells and bones as medical materials.Accidentally, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, WangYirong, discovered these tortoise shells and animal bones. After careful study, he believed thatthese signs were the characters of the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. From thesecharacters, people can roughly understand the daily life of the rulers at that time. The oraclebone script provides important materials for research into the origin of Chinese characters.

　　1.第1句中的“现存最早的文字”是两个形容词修饰一个中心词，其中一个为级。在英语中，当比较级和级形容词与其他形容词连用时，比较级和级形容词放在其他形容词之前。故此处译为the earliest existing characters。

　　2.在第2句中，定语“刻在龟甲或兽骨上的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，用过去分词短语carve on tortoise shells or animal bones 来表达，表被动。

　　3.倒数第2句“从这些文宇……”为无主语句，在翻译时需补充其主语，此处应增译“人们”，表达为From these characters, people can...。

　　4.在翻译最后一句的“为研究汉字起源提供了重要的资料”时，可以用provide... for...(为……提供……)来表达，译作 provide important materials for research into the origin of Chinese characters，也可译作provide important materials for researching on the origin...。

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：贵州茅台

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　茅台酒(Moutai)同苏格兰威士忌和法国白兰地(cognac)并称为“世界三大名酒”。它产生于距今2000多年前的汉代。1915年，茅台酒在巴拿马万国博览会上被评为金奖产品，从此扬名世界。茅台酒除了满足国内需求外，还远销世界许多国家。茅台酒以色清透明、人口柔绵、清冽甘爽、回香持久等特点而名扬天下。茅台酒是利用茅台镇独特的气候、优良的水质和适宜的土壤，采用与众不同的酿酒工艺(brewingtechniques),再经过一系列复杂的工序酿制而成。如今，茅台被中国人称为“国酒”。

　　参考翻译:

　　Chinese Moutai, Scotch whiskey and French brandyare known as “the world's three famous wine”. Itoriginated in the Han Dynasty which was over 2,000years from now. In 1915 Panama World Exposition,Moutai was awarded Gold Medal and it has becomefamous worldwide ever since. Besides meeting the domestic demands, Moutai is also exportedto many countries in the world. Moutai is famous for the features like being clear andtransparent in color, being smooth, fresh and cool in taste and its long-lasting fragrance.Taking advantage of the unique climate, excellent water quality and suitable soil in MaotaiTown, people brew Moutai wine by using distinctive brewing techniques and a series ofcomplicated procedures. Now, Moutai is called the national wine in China.

　　1.称为：即“被称为”，可译为be known as。

　　2.从此扬名世界：其中“从此”可用ever since表达，故译为has become famous worldwide ever since。

　　3.远销：即“出口”，可译为be exported to。

　　4.入口柔绵、清冽甘爽：可译为being smooth，freshand cool in taste。

　　5.回香持久：即“保持长久的香味”，可译为long-lastingfragrance。

　　6.利用茅台镇独特的气候：文中译为taking advantage of the unique climate...

　　7.优良的水质和适宜的土壤：可译为excellent water quality and suitable soil。

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：四大名著

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　中国的四大名著(the Four Great Classical Novels)指创作于明清时期的四部最伟大、最有影响力的小说。阅读四大名著，可以了解中国传统的社会、历史、地理、民俗和处世哲学。大多数的中国人对这四部小说中的人物、情节和场景都很熟悉。它们已经深深地影响了中国人的思想(mentality)、观念和价值观。现在，四部小说都已被改编成电影或电视剧(TV series)，受到很多观众的喜爱。四大名著都具有很高的艺术水平，是中华民族的宝贵遗产，在中国文学也是一大创举。

　　参考翻译:

　　The Four Great Classical Novels of China refer to the four greatest and most influential novels written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Reading them can acquaint people with traditional Chinese society, history, geography, folk customs and philosophy of life. Most Chinese are pretty familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. They have profoundly influenced the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people. Nowadays, the four novels have already been adapted into movies or TV series, favored by lots of audiences. Being high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritages of Chinese nation and pioneering works in the history of Chinese literature.

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：和平

　　自古以来，和平就是人类最持久的夙愿。和平像阳光一样温暖、像雨露一样滋润。有了阳光雨露，万物才能茁壮成长。有了和平稳定，人类才能更好实现自己的梦想。历史告诉我们，和平是需要争取的，和平是需要维护的。只有人人都珍惜和平、维护和平，只有人人都记取战争的惨痛教训，和平才是有希望的。历史是的老师，它忠实记录下每一个国家走过的足迹，也给每一个国家未来的发展提供启示。中国人历来讲求“己所不欲，勿施于人”。中国需要和平，就像人需要空气一样，就像万物生长需要阳光一样。

　　参考译文：

　　Since time immemorial,peace has been people’s most enduring aspiration.Peace is as warm as sunshine and as moist as rain and dew with which all things on earth could thrive.Only with peace and stability can human beings realize their dreams better.Historical experience tells us that peace need to be striven for safeguarded.Peace can be hopeful only when everyone cherish and maintain it and always remember painful lessons of the war.History is the best teacher who keeps a fair of the paths that all countries have traveled and provided enlightenment for their future development.Chinese people are particular about “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you” all long.Peace is to China what air is to people as well as sunshine is to all things growing.

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：杂技

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　杂技(acrobatics)是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的表演。杂技常和广 泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏(circus)、体操，但许多其他运动，如武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素。吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。中国乃至世界都有很多来自吴桥的杂技演员。中国杂技界有句话叫做:没有吴桥人不成杂技班。

　　参考译文:

　　Acrobatics is the performance that shows excellent skills of balance and action coordination.Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensiye use of gymnastic skills,such as circus and gymnastics,but many other activities，such as wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of acrobatics.Wuqiao is well known as the hometown of acrobatics in China.It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids learning to walk to the old with grey some acrobatics.Young people practice the art during the breaks from work.Many families have their unique skills handed down through generations.There are acrobats from Wuqiao Aroughout China,even the world.As a Chinese acrobatics field,if you don't have an acrobat from Wuqiao, you can't have an acrobatics troupe.

　　1.高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力:可译为 excellent skillsof balance and action coordination。

　　2.和广泛使用体操技能的活动相联系:“广泛使用体操技能的活动”可译为 activities that make extensive use ofgymnastic skills;和…相联系可译为be associated with。

　　3.马戏、体操:可译为circus and gymnastics。

　　4.从学步孩童到白发老人:可译为from kids learning to walk to the old grey hair

　　5.代代相传:可译为be handed down through generations。

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：长江三峡

　　考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。

　　三峡，是万里长江一段风景壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜之一。它西起四川省奉节县的白帝城，向东延伸至湖北省宜昌市的南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡组成，全长192公里。长江三峡，无限风光。瞿塘峡的雄伟，巫峡的秀丽，西陵峡的险峻，还有三段峡谷的大宁河、香溪、神农溪的古朴，并伴随着许多美丽的神话和动人的传说，令人心驰神往。

　　译文参考：

　　The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the most splendid landscape on the Yangtze (Changjiang) River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China. It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County, Sichuan Province, to Nanjin Pass in Yichang, Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge, with a full length of 192 kilometers. The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge, the elegance of Wu Gorge, the perilousness of Xiling Gorge as well as the primitive simplicity of Daning, Xiang and Shennong Rivers. And what’s more, each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.

　　三峡 the Yangtze River’s Three Gorges

　　壮丽 splendid

　　延伸 extend

　　白帝城 White King Town

　　由…组成 consist of

　　瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge

　　巫峡 Wu Gorge

　　西陵峡 Xiling Gorge

　　险峻 perilousness

　　古朴 primitive simplicity

　　神话 fairy tale

　　动人的 moving

　　2018考博英语翻译练习：《红楼梦》

　　考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿!这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是的。一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山，一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂，他们来读《红楼梦》，会各就自己的特点，欣赏该书中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱;也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。

　　参考翻译

　　Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago,hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people,how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works,especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions,are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated,differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality.They may feel inspired and enlightened,and hence love it, or they may feel hurt,and hence loathe it.In short,the reactions vary.