Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion， it sorted out people and land uses， and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion， the omnibuses， horse railways， commuter trains， and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850， for example， the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work， shopping， and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920， for example， some 250，000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago， most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period， another 550，000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting， real estate developers added 800，000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course， many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided， but vacant， land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation： urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes， particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated， did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
[A] Types of mass transportation.
[B] Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
[B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
3. According to the passage， what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
[A] It was expensive.
[B] It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
4. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city，
[A] that is large.
[B] that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.
Vocabulary
1. revise 改变
2. fabric 结构
3. catalyze 催化，加速
4. sort out 把……分门别类，拣选
5. omnibus 公共汽车/马车
6. trolley (美)有轨电车，(英)无轨电车
7. periphery 周围，边缘
8. sprawl 建筑物无计划延伸，蔓延，四面八方散开
9. lot 小片土地
10. underscore 强调，在下面划横线
11. transit lines 运输线路
12. subdivision (出售的)小块土地，再划分小区
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述了“公共交通从三方面改变了城市的社会和经济结构。”采用分类写法。文章一开始就提出三方面：第一，促进城市实质性的扩展;第二，把人和土地分民别类加以利用;第三，加速了城市生活的不稳定性。然后就是三方面的具体内容。
答案详解
1.D 公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。
A. 公共交通运输类型。 B. 城市生活的不稳定性。 C. 供需如何决定土地利用。这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。
2.C 说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至1920年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”
A. 表示成长的正反两方面效果。B. 举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。 D. 对比两者成长率;都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。
3.C 没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”
A. 太贵 和 B.太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。D. 它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”
4.C(第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明)土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”
A. 城市大。B. 用作土地开发的样板。 D. 具有优越的公共的交通系统。The stone age， The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science —— once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture： from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth， the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics， glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers‘ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics， for example， have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it， scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges， ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars， touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter， which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape， has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example， gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides， composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat： a helmet saved an infantryman‘s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult， for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five
2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.
3. Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A] It lies in research.
[B] It lies in investment.
[C] It lies in innovation.
[D] It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1. superstuff 超级材料
2. superconducting ceramic 超导陶瓷
3. exotic 神奇的
4. shape 塑造，成型
5. brittleness 脆性
6. polymer 聚合体
7. karate jacket 空手道外衣
8. touch sensor 触及传感器
9. each punch and chop 每一个击、打
10. blot 玷污，损害风景的东西
11. tinker 修补，调整
12. amendable 服从于，遵循的
13. biodegradable 能生物递减分解的
14. six-pack rings 放六个罐子的环状物
15. decompose 分解
16. recyclable 可循环(使用的)
17. infantryman 步兵
18. deflect 使偏斜，使转向
19. a new twist 一个新的观点，方法
难句译注
1. Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【参考译文】材料科学，一度曾是最无吸引力(最不起眼)的技术，正以崭新的 ，以超导陶瓷为首的种种实用性发明绽开新颜。这种超导陶瓷可能会使电子技术彻底改变。
2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
【参考译文】有些高级材料是带有新方法的老标准。最新全国电话的光纤电缆由玻璃制成。这种玻璃透明度极高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一块标准的窗框玻璃还要清晰透明。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文，采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导，然后再提出三种超导材料，再逐一说明。
答案详解
1. B 三种超导材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷：“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例，由于它的脆性，长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷，科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性，但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的转折发生在塑料上，高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上，触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上，它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理，或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变，最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成，透明度极高，100英里厚的一块其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。
2. B 说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会象生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”A. 把它们和新材料相比较，这里不仅仅是比较，而是说明三者都具同样的作用——改变世界。 C. 把新材料比作它们。也不仅仅是比喻比拟。 与A一样没有说到核心电。D. 说明他的观点。太笼统。
3. A 转折需要钱和时间。见最后一段“可是新材料只有制成产品才有影响，而这个转折可能很困难，因为转折需要长期的研究和投资。可以这么说，在不久的将来，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料转变成商品将决定一个国家之成败。”B. 因为许多制造商不愿改变他们的设备。C. 因为新材料的研究非常困难。 D. 转折要华上十年时间。这三项文内没有涉及。
4. D 在超级材料时代已过之成功在于应用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投资。C. 在于革新。这三项都是应用的部分前提。其中A和B文内提到，C项文内未涉及。Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world‘s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere， Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States， Switzerland， and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share.
The Transantarctic Mountain， some of them more than 14，000 feet high， divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain， the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet， but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared， the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments， others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica， valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land， these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9，000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone， perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10，000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges， rippled fields of sand dunes， clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds， and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys， some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.
[B] Antarctica： Earth‘s Early-Warning station.
[C] Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post.
[D] Antarctica： a Mysterious Place.
2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?
[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.
[B] The western part of the continent would be reduced.
[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.
[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.
3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?
[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.
[B] It rarely snows.
[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.
[D] Sand dunes.
4. Which of the following is true?
[A] The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.
[B] The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.
[C] The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.
[D] The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.
Vocabulary
1. distant-early-warning sensor 远距离早期报警传感器
2. plateau 高原，高地
3. slash 挥砍
4. blast 一阵疾风/狂风
5. vicious 邪恶的，凶魔般的
6. gorge 峡谷
7. ripple 起伏，使起微波
8. sand dune 沙丘
9. verdant 绿色
10. extraterrestrial 地球之外的
11. aura 气氛
难句译注
1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.
【结构简析】see … as 把……看作。Where定从修饰Antarctic.
【参考译文】因此，越来越多的科学家把南极洲视为一个远距离早期报警敏感器，在那里地球许多潜在的危险动向早在它们出现于北方以前就能发现。
2. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain
东指的使印度正南的这一部分。或山移动的那部分洲。
3. an aura of extraterrestrial desolation
应译为：与地球格格不入的一种荒凉隔绝的气氛。或与世隔绝的一种荒凉气氛。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇有关南极洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，点面结合写法。首先提出：由于南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以这块地方就可能得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。它成了监察世界环境变化的观察哨和空间站，后面几段就写了进行考察的方面和结果。
答案详解
1. A 南极洲和环境问题。B. 南极洲：地球最早的报警战。C.南极洲：独一无二的观察哨。D. 南极洲：神秘的地方。三项都是总内容众的组成部分。
2. D 大陆西部成为一群岛屿。第三段“横断南极的山脉，有的高达一万四千多英尺，把这大陆分成情况各异的两个地区。山脉以东的大陆部分是由差不多两英里厚的冰层覆盖的高原;山脉以西，即美洲以南的半个大陆也为冰层所覆盖。可是，这里冰层覆盖在大大低于海平面的岩石。如果西南极洲冰层消失，那这大陆西部将成为稀疏的岛群。”A. 大陆西部将小时。B. 大陆西部缩小。 D. 大陆西部将成为分散的岛屿。
3. C 因为地球变暖和狂风劲吹。在第四段：“……这些干谷甚至在寒冬季节也很少有冰雪。它们插在南维多利亚陆地的山脉中，一度曾有从极地高原到罗斯海的深度为9000英尺的冰河。现在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一万年间地球变暖的结果。即使落入干谷的雪也被从极地高原咆哮入海的邪恶狂风吹散了。留下来的是裸露的壮观的峡谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被时速一百英里的大风雕刻成奇形怪状的大砾石，形成与世隔绝的荒凉景象。”A. 邪恶的狂风吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。这三项只是干谷现象的一部分。
4. C 他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“尽管干谷具有神秘的一面，科学家却相信他们可能为地球上葱绿的地方带来了希望的信息。”A.干谷内什么都没有留下。B. 干谷内从没有冰河。D. 按照科学家的看法，干谷毫无用处。Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft， accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear， and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion if only they had access to this information.
And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS)， in Europe and Japan respectively， pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda， a Japanese carmaker， even combines VICS data with position data from 150，000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road， says David Schrier of ABI Research， a consultancy.
Meanwhile ITIS， a British company， is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator's network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are “handed off” from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists， but this idea has great potential， says Mr Schrier.
Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond， Washington， at the headquarters of Microsoft， employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts， by e-mail or text message， warning them of impending gridlock. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modelling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends， weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft， who developed the system， says it is accurate 75% of the time， and 3，000 employees use it daily.
A system called Beat-the-Traffic， developed by Triangle Software of Campbell， California， with funding from the National Science Foundation， goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec， the firm's boss， thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed， in June， KXTV News 10， a TV station in Sacramento， California， began showing Triangle's traffic forecasts for the coming week.
1. To know what is exactly happening on the rods， we don‘t need to
[A] dispatch aircraft to spot the traffic.
[B] guarantee drivers have access to the information system.
[C] obtain related reports of accident.
[D] collect data of the positions of buses.
2. Honda is mentioned in the second paragraph to suggest that
[A] Traffic Message Channel is established in Japan.
[B] Japan is in the lead in solving traffic problems.
[C] Honda demonstrated how VICS can be used.
[D] Only few people can afford to enjoy this service.
3. The use of mobile-phone signals in monitoring traffic is
[A] monopolized by IT IS， a British company.
[B] promising but still under experiment.
[C] based on the data from people on roads.
[D] effective in reducing traffic speeds.
4. JamBayes is deferent from the previously mentioned technologies as it
[A] helps the drivers to choose the fastest lane.
[B] send information to cars in the system.
[C] is based on a technique modeling to combine various data.
[D] helps the drivers to avoid congestion.
5. It can be inferred from the text that
[A] traffic jam remains unavoidable worldwide.
[B] traffic forecasts will become as authoritative as the weather forecasts.
[C] there is always a short cut by using one of these systems.
[D] new systems will improve the transportation situation.
参考答案：
1. D 细节题。本题的问题是“为了了解路上正在发生什么情况，我们不必 ”。题干中的“what is exactly happening on the roads”出自文章第一段第四句话中，表明本题与第一段有关。第一段介绍了准确了解路上发生的情况的条件——兴建交通控制中心(这些中心与摄像机和传感器网络连接在一起)、交通巡视飞机、事故报道以及配备了卫星定位装置的车辆的明确位置。这说明，[A]“派遣飞机去监控交通”，[C]“得到相关的事故报告”和[B]“收集车辆位置的信息”是需要的条件。只有[D]“确保司机可以利用信息系统”是避免堵塞的条件，与题目的要求不符，为正确答案。
2. A 结构题。本题的问题是“在第二段提到本田是为了表示 ”。第二段首先介绍了VICS系统的工作原理，指出，依靠这类系统，司机可以了解哪里交通堵塞，并尽量避开，随后提到了本田公司的做法——将VICS信息与15 万台车辆的定位信息综合起来，以便司机可以在堵塞的道路上选择最快的车道。这说明，提到本田公司是为了说明VICS系统的工作原理。[A]“本田证实了VICS如何可以得到应用”与此意符合，为正确答案。[C]“交通信息频道已经在日本开通”是针对第二段第二句话设置的干扰项，是误解了in Europe and Japan respectively这个短语的意思;第二段中并没有比较日本和欧洲的系统的优越性，所以[B]“在解决交通问题方面，日本处于地位”与文意不符;[D]“只有很少的人可以享受得起这种服务”属于无中生有。
3. B 细节题。本题的问题是“移动电话信号用来监控交通状况 ”。题干中的“mobile phone signals”出自文章第三段第一句话中，表明本题与第三段有关。第三段提到，英国公司ITIS是少数几家试验利用手机信号来了解缺少摄像机或传感器的线路交通状况的公司之一，随后介绍了其工作原理，指出，这种理念有很大的潜力。这说明，这种处于试验阶段的做法有前途。[B]“大有前途，但仍处于试验阶段”与此意符合，为正确答案。 [A] “由一家叫ITIS的英国公司所垄断”明显与文中“one of several firms experimenting...”的意思不符;[C]“依据路上行人的信息”与该段最后一句话的意思不符;[D]“在降低交通速度方面有效”是针对该段“to deduce traffic speeds...”这句话设置的干扰项，明显是误解了deduce一词的意思。
4. C 细节题。本题的问题是“‘堵塞贝叶斯’与先前提到的技术不同，因为它 ”。题干中的“JamBayes”出自文章第四段第二句话中，表明本题与第四段有关。第四段提到“堵塞贝叶斯”时指出，它利用一种名为“贝叶斯模式”的技术，将实时交通数据同以前的趋势、天气信息以及一系列像节假日这样的特别日期的信息连接起来。这说明，原因是其工作原理不同。[C]“基于一种综合各种信息的技术模式”是对文中相关信息的概括，为正确答案。选择最快的车道是VICS的功能，所以[A]“帮助司机选择最快的车道”与文意不符;向系统中的车辆发送信息和帮助司机避免堵塞这两点与前面提到的技术功能相同，所以[B]“向系统中的车辆发送信息”和[D]“帮助司机避免堵塞”不是原因。
5. D 推论题。本题的问题是“根据本文，可以推知 ”。文章前面的段落提到了几种避免交通堵塞的技术，介绍了它们的功能，指出，这些观念有很大的潜力，系统大多数时间都很准确，并且交通预报会像天气预报一样普遍。由此可知，交通监测系统可能改善交通状况。[D]“新系统将改善交通状况”与此意符合，为正确答案。[A]“在全世界，交通堵塞仍然不可避免”明显与第一段前面两句话的意思不符;文中只是说交通预报会像天气预报一样普遍，并没有说有性，所以[B]“交通预报将像天气预报一样有性”与文意不符;[C]“通过利用这些系统中的一种，总是可以找到捷径”太绝对，与文意不符。The entertainment industry and technology companies have been warring for years over the dazzling ability of computers and the Internet to copy and transmit music and movies.
A crucial battle ended this week with a ruling by America‘s Supreme Court in favor of copyright holder and against two companies that distribute peer-to-peer (P2P) software which lets users share files online with others. The court’s decision， though ostensibly a victory for content providers， is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing- much of which will continue from outside America or stop technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms.
The court was asked to decide whether two firms， Grokster and StreamCast， were liable for copingright infringement by their customers. Two lower courts had said that the firms were nor liable， citing a 1984 ruling in favor of Sony‘ Betamax vidil recorder， this held that a technology firm is immune from liability so long as the device concerned is “capable of substantial non-infringing uses”。 The court die not reinterpret the 1984 decision in light of the Internet. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue： whether Grokster and StrwarnCast induced users to violate copurights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it. Such behavior would make the firms clearly liable for copyright infringement and end their immunity， even under the Betamax standard. The court reasoned that there were sufficient grounds to believe that inducement occurred， and sent the case back to lower courts for trivial.
Although the Grokster decision will probably not squelch innovation as much as many tech firms fear， it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious about how they market their products—and quite right. But the Supreme Court‘s narrow ruling makes this unlikely –indeed， the justices noted the technology’s widespread legitimate use. Yet their decision will surely emcolden the entertainment industry to pursue in court any firms that they can claim knowingly allow infringement. This could kill off some small innovative start-ups. On the other hand， the ruling could also provide legal cover for tech firms with the wit to plaster their products with warnings not to violate the law.
But judged from a long-term perspective， this week‘s victory for copyright holders seems likely to prove a Pyrrhic one. The Internet and file sharing are disruptive technologies that give consumers vastly more ability to use all sorts of media content， copyrighted or not. Surely entertainment firms must devise ways to use this technology to sell their wares that will also allow copyright to be protected.
So long as technology continues to evolve in ways that enable legitimate content sharing， piracy will also probably continue to some degree. Happily， in this case the piracy seems to have prompted content firms to compete by offering better fee-based services. The challenge for content providers is to use new technology to create value for customers， and to make those who use content illegally feel bad about it.
1. The ruling of America‘s Supreme Court
[A] indeed hit the piracy industry hard.
[B] has little impact on content sharing.
[C] may prevent tech firms from innovating.
[D] can lead to a flourish of entertainment industry.
2. The Grokster decision was based on the evidence that Grokster
[A] distributed P2P software illegally.
[B] allowed users sharing without permission.
[C] violated the copyright of entertainment firms.
[D] took advantage of Betamax standard.
3. The word “Pyrrhic” (Para. 5) can be replaced by
[A] undeserving
[B] unacceptable
[C] pointless
[D] unreasonable
4. In the last paragraph， the author suggests that
[A] piracy to some extent be advocated.
[B] content providers promot tech innovation.
[C] all entertainment firms protect the sopyright.
[D] better fee-based services be offered to combat piracy.
5. The best title for the text might be
[A] Copyright， to Be Protected Urgently
[B] The Pro-copyright Holder Verdict， a True Victory?
[C] Piracy out of Control.
[D] Tech Firms， How Far to Go?
词汇注释
1. peer-to-peer 对等网络
2. ostensibly 表面上地
3. stamp out 扑灭，踩灭
4. squelch 妨碍
5. embolden 鼓励
6. knowingly 有意识地
7. plaster 粘贴
8. Pyrrhic victory 得不偿失的胜利
难句讲解
1. The court’s decision, though ostensibly a victory for content providers, is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing- much of which will continue from outside America- or stop technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms.
[简析] 本句话的主干是“The court’s decision is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing or stop technological innovation…”。Though引导短语是插入语，作让步状语;破折号里面的内容是在解释file sharing; or 引导的定语从句修饰innovation。
2. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue: whether Grokster and StrwarnCast induced users to violate copyrights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it.
[简析] 本句话的主干是“the justices ruled that…”。That引导的是宾语从句;冒号后面的句子是在解释issue，其中的it指的是violate copyrights这件事。
3. Although the Grokster decision will probably not squelch innovation as much as many tech firms fear, it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious about how they market their products—and quite right.
[简析] 本句话的主干是“it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious…”。Although引导的是让步状语从句，其中的as much as引导的是比较状语从句;it 指的是the Grokster decision;how 引导的是宾语从句;破折号里面的内容是在进一步说明前面的句子。
答案与解析
1. B 细节题。本题的问题是“美国法院的裁决 ”。题干中的“America’s Supreme court”出自文章第二段第一句话中，表明本题与第二段有关。第二段首先提到了法院的裁决，接着指出，虽然表面上看来是网络资源供应商的胜利，但是，法院的裁决却不可能消除文件共享。[B]“对资源共享没有产生什么影响”与此意符合，为正确答案。虽然第二段第一句话提到，裁决有利于版权所有者、不利于两家公司，但第二句话却说“法院的裁决却不可能消除文件共享”，而文件共享是盗版的重要前提，说明[A]“确实沉重打击了盗版业”与文意不符;该段第二句话说“法院的裁决不可能阻止技术革新”，并且第四段提到，针对Grokster公司一案的裁决可能不会妨碍革新，说明[C]“可能阻碍科技公司的创新”不对;根据第二段可知，裁决对娱乐业有利是表面现象，并不是事实，所以[D]“可能引导娱乐业走向繁荣”与文意不符。
2. B 细节题。本题的问题是“针对Groksier公司一案的裁决是基于这样的证据,Grokster公司”。题干中的“Grokster”，出自文章第三段第一句话中，表明本题与第三段有关。第三段首先介绍了法院的裁决，接着指出，本案提出了一个狭隘得多的问题，即Grokster和StreamCast这两家公司是否引诱用户侵犯版权，并且故意不采取任何简单可行的措施来防止这种事情的发生，而法院认为，有充分的理由使人相信存在这种诱导。这说明，裁决的依据是该公司可能引诱用户侵犯版权。[B]“允许用户未经许可共享文件”与此意符合，为正确答案。该段第一句话提到，法院被要求就Grokster和StreamCast这两家公司是否应该为其用户侵犯版权的行为负责一案做出裁决，说明销售P2P软件并不是法院裁决的依据，所以[A]“非法销售P2P软件”与文意不符;根据第三段可知，侵犯版权的是该公司的顾客，不是公司本身，所以[C]“侵犯了娱乐公司的版权”与文意不符;该段提到，即使是按照Betamax牌录像机一案的裁决标准，公司也应该对侵犯版权的行为承担责任，说明[D]“利用了Betamax一案的标准”与文意不符。
3. A 词义题。本题的问题是“单词‘Pyrrhic’(第五段)可以被 代替”。第四段介绍了裁决的影响，第五段接着指出，从长远看，版权所有者本周的胜利似乎可能被证明是一场得不偿失的胜利，随后分析说，因特网和文件共享是破坏性的技术，这些技术使得用户更能使用各种有版权的或没版权的传媒资源。这说明，版权所有者的胜利可能是一场不值得的胜利。[Al tt不值得的”是对此意的改写，为正确答案。[B]“无法接受的”、[C]“没有意义的”、[D]“不合理的”都不准确。
4. D 细节题。本题的问题是“在最后一段，作者提出， ”。最后一段提到，侵犯版权的行为似乎已经促使资源公司通过提供更好的收费服务来竞争，资源供应商面临的挑战就是利用新技术为用户创造价值。[D]“应该提供更好的付费服务来对付盗版行为”是对此意的概括，为正确答案。文中说的是“只要技术以允许分享合法资源的方式继续发展那么侵犯版权的行为也将继续下去”，说明[A]“应该在一定程度上提倡盗版”与文意不符;文中说的是“资源供应商面临的挑战就是利用新技术为用户创造价值”，[B]“资源供应商应该促进技术创新”是对此意的曲解;作者在最后一段并没有提出要娱乐公司保护版权的问题，所以[C]“所有娱乐公司都应该保护版权”属于无中生有。
5. B 主旨题。本题的问题是“本文的标题可能是 ”。文章首先提到了法院的裁决，接着指出，虽然表面上看来是网络资源供应商的胜利，但是，法院的裁决却不可能消除文件共享，随后的段落介绍了法院的裁决，指出，从长远看，版权所有者的胜利可能被证明是一场得不偿失的胜利，接着分析了原因。这说明，本文主要是在解释法院的裁决是否真的对版权所有者有利。[B]“对版权所有者有利的裁决是一场真正的胜利吗?”是对本文内容的恰当概括，可以表达本文的主题，为正确答案。本文虽然提出应该保护版权，但是并没有强调保护版权的紧迫性，所以[A]“应该立即保护版权”不能表达本文的主题;最后一段虽然提到“侵犯版权的行为也将继续下去”，但并没有说盗版行为失去控制，所以[C]“盗版行为失去了控制”不能表达本文的主题;科技公司只是文中在介绍裁决时提到的细节，所以[D]“科技公司可以走多远?”不能表达本文的主题。Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental， emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields emanating from power lines， mobile phones， computers and sub-stations， to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.
Electro-magnetic fields are invisible to the naked eye. However， their presence in homes， offices and factories， in strong forms， is increasingly being shown to be harmful to our health. American and Scandinavian research shows how electro-magnetic stress can contribute to insomnia， lethargy， depression， allergies， headaches， learning problems， aches and pains in the joints and more serious illnesses such as cancer and me.
It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio， microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.
There are simple measures that can be taken in the home to reduce the electro-magnetic fields. It is advisable to remove all plugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use. Our measuring instruments show that this is far more effective in reducing electro-magnetic fields than just turning off the socket switch on the wall. The bedroom is the most important area to be free of electro-magnetic bombardments. At night the body repairs its cells. However， if the body is being bombarded by electro-magnetic fields this function can be impaired.
It is therefore important not to use any plug sockets immediately behind the bed during the night owing to electro-magnetic fields being emitted. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic radiation even when the switch is in the off position. This means that the body is constantly getting a dose of electro-magnetic radiation all night which can impair sleep， cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body. Electric alarm clocks can also cause a wide band of electro-magnetic stress in the head area. These clocks are best moved to about four feet away from the bed or replaced by a battery only alarm clock. Similarly the bedroom television also needs to be about 6 feet away from the bed. Electrical installations on the wall immediately behind or next to the bed are also relevant here. Where there is a computer， for example， in the next room close to the bedroom wall this may well cause electro-magnetic fields to radiate through the wall to the bed area. Computers can also link with televisions and electrical kitchen equipment to cause distorted fields.
1. It can be inferred from the text that electric devices are
[A] perfect modern inventions.
[B] all invisible health killers.
[C] almost all mixed blessings.
[D] all directed magnetically.
2. The text indicates that electro-magnetic fields
[A] exist everywhere on the globe.
[B] seem inescapable to modern people.
[C] can be eliminated intentionally.
[D] may be adjusted to the survival of life.
3. The author appeals for sufficient awareness of the
[A] mutual interference from household electric appliances.
[B] interaction between radio frequency and earth magnetism.
[C] harmful results of man-made and natural electric fields.
[D] joint effects of artificial and natural electro-magnetic fields.
4. The proposed measures to reduce the harmful effects include
[A] unplugging the machine when it goes out of use.
[B] freeing the bedroom of electric appliances at night.
[C] switching off the apparatus when it quiets working.
[D] disconnect electric devices immediately after working.
5. The bedroom needs protection from man-made fields because
[A] our health is more readily harmed during our sleep
[B] its walls can hardly hamper the radiation of the fields.
[C] electric installations on the wall are hard to be shielded.
[D] our head is liable to be affected by electricity at rest.
词汇注释
1. substation 变电站
2. insomnia 失眠症
3. lethargy 无精打彩
4. contention 论点
5. socket 插座
6. repose 休眠
7. distorted 不正常的
难句讲解
1. Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental， emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields coming from power lines， mobile phones， computers and sub-stations， to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.
[简析] 本句话的主干是“Scientists and members of the public are becoming concerned about…”。on mental…短语修饰effects;coming from…短语修饰electro-magnetic fields;to name…短语作状语，其中的that引导的定语从句修饰devices.
2. It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio， microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.
[简析] 本句话的主干是“It is our contention…”。that引导的是contention的同位语从句;microwave and electro-magnetic and…是前面短语的并列成分。
3. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic fields which can damage sleep， cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body.
[简析] 本句话的主干是“Electric blankets still emit a high level of electro-magnetic…”。when not unplugged at the wall是一个省略的时间状语从句;which引导的定语从句修饰electro-magnetic fields;cause a feeling of…是前面谓语的并列成分。
答案与解析
1. C推论题。本题的问题是“根据本文，可以推知，电子设备是 ”。第一段提到，人们越来越关注电磁场对人的智力、心理以及身体健康产生的影响，并指出这些电磁场来自于电线、移动电话、电脑以及变电站，随后的段落具体说明了这些电器对人产生的不利影响。由此可知，电子设备虽然可以给人类带来好处，但也会产生有害影响。[C]“差不多好坏参半的恩赐”与此意符合，为正确答案。[A]“完美的现代发明”明显与文意不符; [B]“无形的健康杀手”不准确，没有提到它的有害影响;文中的信息表明，电磁场是由电子设备产生的，所以[D]“通过磁场控制”属于本末倒置。
2. B 推论题。本题的问题是“本文暗示，电磁场 ”。第一段列举了一些常见的电子设备，第二段接着指出，电磁场是肉眼看不见的，它们存在于家庭、办公室以及工厂。由此可知，电磁场非常普遍，人们避免不了。[B]“对于现代人来说似乎不可避免”是对此意的改写，为正确答案。[A]“存在于地球的任何地方”是针对第三段“the earth naturalmagnetic and electric fields……”这句话设置的干扰项，与文意不符;文中只是说“可以采取一些简单措施来降低电磁场”，并没有说可以消除电磁场，所以[C]“可以有目的地消除”与文意不符;[D]“可以调整，以适应生命的幸存”属于无中生有。
3. D 细节题。本题的问题是“作者呼吁人们充分了解 ”。文章前面两段介绍了电磁场的影响，第三段指出，人类没有足够重视人造频率以及地球自身磁场和电磁场之间的交互作用，没有足够重视这种交互作用对人类健康产生的影响。这说明，作者希望公众了解人造频率和电磁场之间的交互作用。[D]“人造电磁场与自然电磁场之间的交互作用”与此意符合，为正确答案。[A]“家用电器的相互干扰”和[B]“无线电频率与地球磁场之间的交互作用”不准确，没有提到与电磁场的交互作用;[C]“人造电磁场和自然电磁场的有害结果”是针对第三段“…the effects of this interaction 0n health”这句话设置的干扰项，文中说的是交互作用对健康产生的影响，说明C与文意不符。
4. D 细节题。本题的问题是“提出的降低有害影响的措施包括 ”。第四、五段介绍了应该采取的措施——如果不使用电器，从插座上拔掉所有插头;在床后面不要使用任何插头插座;把电子闹钟移到离床头大约4英尺远的地方，或者用电池闹钟取代这些钟;卧室的电视机移到离床头大约10英尺远的地方。只有[D]“使用后立即关掉电器”属于措施之一。[A]“如果不再使用电器，就拔掉其插头”是针对第四段第二句话“remove auplugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use”设置的干扰项，是误解了not in use(不使用)的意思，而A中的go out of use意思为“不再使用、废弃”，所以与文意不符;[B]“在晚上，在卧室不使用电器”是针对第五段第一句话设置的干扰项，与文意不符;[C]“如果电器停止工作，就关掉它”中的条件明显与文意不符。
5. A 细节题。本题的问题是“卧室需要免受人造磁场的影响，因为 ”。题干中的“the bedroom”出自文章第四段第四句话中，表明本题与第四段有关。第四段提到卧室时指出，卧室是降低电磁场影响的最重要区域，随后解释说，人体的细胞在晚上处于休眠状态，如果身体受到电磁场的影响，这种功能就可能受到损害。这说明，原因是在睡眠时人体容易受到影响。[A]“在睡眠时，我们的健康更容易受到损害”与此意符合，为正确答案。[B]“卧室的墙壁难以阻挡磁场的辐射”是针对最后一段倒数第二句话设置的干扰项，文中是在举例说明在墙后或靠近床头安装电器也有影响，与题目的要求不符;[C] “安装在墙上的电器难以受到保护”属于无中生有;[D]“我们的大脑在休息时容易受到电流的影响”是针对最后一段第三句话设置的干扰项，文中说的是“电子闹钟也可能在人脑部位产生很大的电磁压力”，这与题目的要求不符。At an office in Virginia，in the east of the United States，a team of ten net savvy workers
scours the web for sexual content，from basic sex education to sex acts.This“quality assurance‘’team is making sure that the blocking component of Symantec‘s Norton Internet Security 2000 computer program remains effective.This is because there is widespread parental concern about blocking websites with sexual content from children.
Website blocking is nothing new——services like Net Nanny and programs like Cyber Patrol and Guard Dog have been around for a few years now，protecting children and reassuring parents that only wholesome websites are accessed by the youngsters.Net Nanny and Cyber Patrol will prevent access to any questionable sites when the program is in place.
Now Symantec says it has created a new category in consumer software with a package that combines website blocking with a“firewall”，protecting your computer from hackers，snoopers and viruses，as well as preventing inadvertent disclosure of personal data.
In short，Norton Internet Security(NIS)，as the program is called，is designed to serve as the guardian of your digital health，keeping the bad things out and the private things in.
The Symantec program can be configured in many ways，the website blocking，for example，can be set to be either selectively permissive or total in its banning of websites，or switched off entirely.Also，Symantec‘s list of no-go areas，which on the CD now stand at around 36，000 addresses，is not confined to sex sites.The team in Virginia is also on the lookout for sites advocating drugs，or which contain references to violence or gambling，and keeps a watch on chat rooms，e—mail services，entertainment portals——even job search and financial pages.These sites can be blocked by the program.
Computer users can also refresh the address list online wim the Live Update feature which is used by Norton Anti—Virus(which is bundled with NIS)to load the latest virus definitions.This service is free for the first year but，including virus definition updates，it costs$1 9.95 a year thereafter.
The system is not perfect，however.Limited testing found the blocking of some “questionable” sites was not comprehensive.Trying to get access to a well—known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an “incorrectly categorized”site.By contrast.you could find in other countries such as New Zealand a sex site.
1.Which of the following statements can be inferred from paragraph 1 7
[A] The net savvy workers are interested in searching the web for sexual content.
[B]The parents hope the blocking component of Norton Interact Security remains effective.
[C]The parents all over the world do not want the sexual websites to be blocked.
[D]The parents all over the world concern that their children will be harmed by the sexual websites.
2.The word“wholesome”(Line 3.Para.2)probably means .
[A]healthy [B]thorough [C]complete [D]perfect
3.According to the text，NIS is designed to——。
[A]make profit for Symantec
[B] permit any other people sharing your personal data
[C] prevent you from accessing any questionable sites
[D] protect personal data from carelessly disclosure
4.Which of the following statement is correct according to the passage?
[A] Both the program and virus update are free.
[B]The NIS program is free，but you should pay$19.95 per year for the virus update.
[C]The program can refresh the address list online with the Live Update function.
[D] Computer users should pay$1 9.95 every year the time they begin to use the program.
5.By saying“the blocking of some questionable sites was not comprehensive”，the author means
_____.
[A] ‘Playboy“ should be included in the list of no—go areas
[B] NIS is not effective in other countries at all
[C] all the websites in New Zealand should be included in the list
[D]some questionable websites are not included in the list of no-go areas
核心词汇
Switch vt.开关(电器设备);转换，转变 reference n.涉及 bundle v.捆扎
virus n.病毒
难句点津
Trying to get access to a well—known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an“incorrectly categorized”site.
[点津]句子的主语是一个动名词短语trying to get access to…，谓语是results in，宾语是
message，with引导的介词短语作定语修饰message，其中to report an…是invitation的定语。
文章翻译
美国东部弗吉尼亚州汉普顿的一个办公室里，10名精通网络的工作人员组成的小组正在搜索网络上从基础性教育到性行为等有关性的内容。这个“质量保证”小组正在确保赛门铁克公司“诺顿网络安全特警2000”的封锁还是有效的。这是因为众多父母希望屏蔽带有色情内容的网站以使孩子免受不良内容的影响。
网站屏蔽并不新鲜?像“网络保姆”这类服务和“网络巡警”、‘’看门狗‘’这些程序至今已运行了好几年。这些服务和程序保护孩子，也使家长放心，因为年轻人只能接触到健康的网站。当“网络保姆”和“网络巡警”运行时，可以阻止进入任何存在问题的网站。
现在，赛门铁克公司声称自己已经开发出了一种供用户使用的新程序，这种程序可以将网站屏蔽系统与防火墙结合起来，保护电脑免受黑客、偷窥者和病毒的袭击，同时也可防止无意中泄露个人信息。
总之，“诺顿网络安全特警”名如其实，它被设计成数字健康的卫士，保护你的隐私，将不好的东西排除在外。
赛门铁克的程序可以被设定为多种形式，以网站屏蔽为例，可以设置成部分屏蔽也可设置成全部屏蔽，或者完全将其关闭。另外，赛门铁克程序光盘上列出的禁入网站已多达3万6 千个，不只局限于色情网站。维吉尼亚的工作小组还在关注那些宣传毒品，或是包含暴力、赌博内容的网站。同时也监视聊天室、邮件服务、娱乐端口，甚至是工作搜索网站和财务方面的网页，这些网站都可以被该程序屏蔽。
计算机用户还可以用“诺顿防毒”程序(“诺顿网络安全特警‘’附带的)的”即时更新‘’功能在线刷新“禁入网站”名单，下载最新的病毒定义。这些服务在第一年是免费的，但之后包括对病毒定义的升级在内，每年要花费19.95美元。
但是这种系统并不尽善尽美。有限的几次测试就发现对“有问题的‘’网站的屏蔽并不全面。比如，想要进入美国的知名网站，如”花花公子“，结果就会马上出现一条屏蔽信息，报告这是个”错误分类“的网站。相反，你可以找到其他国家的色情网站，比如新西兰的。
答案解析
1.D推断题。文章第一段提到，质量保证小组正努力确保赛门铁克公司的计算机程序有效工作，因为世界各地的父母都关心色情网站的屏蔽，以免让孩子接触到这类网站。由此推断，家长担心孩子受到色情网站的毒害，故选D.选项B的内容在文中的确提到，但这并非本段的重点，故不选。
2.A语义题。由题干关键词wholesome定位第二段。该段提到，网站屏蔽可以保护孩子，也使家长放心，因为年轻人只能接触到——网站。上文提到家长关心一些不良网站的屏蔽，这里能使冢长放心，说明年轻人浏览的应为内容健康的网站，结合选项A(健康的)、B(彻底的)、C(完全的)和D(完美的)可知，正确答案应为A.
3.D推断题。由题干关键词NIS定位文章第四段。该段首句的“总之”一词表明是对上段的总结。即第三段开始对这种新程序进行描述：它可以将网站屏蔽系统与防火墙结合起来，保护电脑免受黑客、偷窥者和病毒的袭击，同时也可防止无意中泄露个人信息。第四段则总结：“诺顿网络安全特警”被设计成数字健康的卫士，保护你的隐私……，结合选项可知应选D.其余三项A(为Symantec公司盈利)文中并未提到，B(允许其他人共享你的个人资料)与文意相悖。C(阻止你登录任何可疑的网站)说法过于绝对。
4.c推断题。由选项可知，本题内容涉及NIs program.文章第六段提到，计算机用户还可以用“诺顿防毒”程序的“即时更新”功能在线刷新“禁入网站”名单，下载最新的病毒定义，这些服务第一年是免费的，以后每年付19.95美元，排除A和D.文章之前还提到了该程序的功能：可以屏蔽内容不健康的网站，结合选项可知应选C.选项B以偏概全，文中提到包括对病毒定义的升级在内，每年要花费19.95美元，而不是说仅病毒定义就需要19.95美元。
5.D语义题。文章最后提到，系统并非尽善尽美，“花花公子”网站被屏蔽了，但却没能屏蔽新西兰的色情网站，由此推断，D正确。A(“花花公子”应该被包括在禁止网站的名单内)并非作者说这句话的重点，应排除;B(NIS在其他国家根本不奏效)、c(新西兰所有的网站都应该包括在禁止网站的名单内)两项过于武断，应排除。Admittedly， minor accidents and sup-ups continue to shake public confidence in nuclear power.Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries，it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process. However，this argues for exceptional vigilance，regulatory scrutiny and accountability——and not for bans or shut downs.
Those nuclear operators with a good safety record deserve to have their licenses renewed，so that existing plants may run to the end of their useful lives.The Bush administration‘s enthusiastic support goes a lot further than this，however.It also wants to see new plants.Proponents of new nuclear power stations make three arguments in their favor.They will enhance energy security by lessening dependence on fossil fuels;far from being environmentally harmful，they will be beneficial because they will reduce the output of greenhouse gases;and，most crucially，the economics of nuclear power has improved from the days when it was wholly dependent on bail out and subsidy.
Yet these arguments do not stand up to scrutiny.The claim that governments should support nuclear power to reduce their vulnerability to the OPEC oil cartel is doubly absurd.Little oil is used in power generation：what nuclear power displaces is mostly natural gas and coal，which are not only more plentiful than o订but also geographically better distributed.Security is enhanced not by seeking energy self sufficiency but through div
