The purpose of an interview is to find out if your goals and the goals of an organization are compatible.Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data.You also develop questions which you will ask to determine how well your career goals match the needs of the organization.These questions include both those you would ask before a job offer and those you would ask after a job offer.
Prior to the interview，acquaint yourself with the laws pertaining to job discrimination.This knowledge will enhance your chances of being considered on an equal standing with other applicants.
To develop confidence，adequately prepare for the interview.Focus on how you can best serve the organization to which you are applying.Then rehearse until the rough edges are smoothed and you sound convincing to those with whom you have practiced.
Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently.The departure stage includes leaving on a positive note，expressing appreciation，expressing interest，leaving promptly，and making notes immediately after departure.
To save time and money and offer convenience to prospective employees and employers，video taping and satellite videophones may become a common method of interviewing.Being at ease in front of a camera would be important for these types of interviews.
Following the interview，write thank-you letters to each person who interviewed you and to those who helped you get the interview.When invited for a second interview，go prepared by using your notes and feedback from the interview to zero in on what the company wants.If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter.You may get turned down.If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.
Following a job offer，take a few days to consider all elements and then call or write a letter either accepting or declining the offer-—whichever is appropriate.If you accept and you are presently employed，write an effective letter of resignation，departing on a positive note.
1.The word“compatible”in the first sentence probably means____.
[A] in agreement [B] in conflict
[C] complementary [D] practicable
2.The writer advises you to familiarize yourself with the laws concerning job discrimination so that ____.
[A] you can show your prospective employer you have a wide range of knowledge
[B] you stand on equal chance of being hired with other applicants to the job
[C] you will refuse to give answers to any questions against the current laws
[D] you know how to behave within the limit of laws at the interview
3.At which stage should you emphasize your qualifications for the job?
[A] The before stage.
[B] The greeting stage.
[C] The consultation stage.
[D] The departure stage.
4.If you are given a second interview，it is most important for you to____.
[A] write a thank-you letter to each person who interviewed you last time
[B] find out exactly what the company wants of you
[C] learn from the last interview and improve yourself
[D] consider all the elements that are important for the job
5.The passage is mainly concerned with____.
[A] how to manage an interview
[B] how to apply for a job vacancy
[C] how an applicant should behave during an interview
[D] how to make your private goal compatible with those of an organization
参考答案：
1.[A]
该词意为：相容的，相一致的。
2.[B] 意为：你与其他申请者具有同等被雇佣的机会。
参阅第二段。
3.[C]
根据第四段第四句，商洽阶段包括反应能力、热情，知道什么时候陈述关键信息，要表现得诚恳，强调自己的优点，注意倾听。
4.[B]
根据第六段，如果获得第二次面试的机会，你应该利用第一次面试时的笔记和反馈信息，集中找出公司需要什么(即：需要什么样的人)。
5.[A] 意为：如何安排好一次面试。
文章的前三段提到了如何准备面试，第四、五段提到了面试期间应该如何做，最后几段提到了面试后 (以及被录用后)应该怎么办。全文主要是对参加面试的人提出建议。At the end of last week， Bodega Aurrerá， a Mexican subsidiary of the world's biggest retailer， Wal-Mart， opened a new store in the village of San Juan Teotihuacán， just north of Mexico City. Normally， such an event would cause little stir. Wal-Mart is already Mexico's biggest retailer too. And its shops seem to go down very well with its millions of bargain-hungry customers. But this particular opening was， in fact， the culmination of months of protests， legal actions， hunger strikes and hyperbole by those determined to stop it.
The reason is the location. Just 2.5km (1.6 miles) away is the ancient city of Teotihuacán， probably Mexico's most famous archaeological site. Amongst other attractions， it boasts the third-largest (by volume) pyramid in the world. For many Mexicans， the ancient site， abandoned by its mysterious inhabitants centuries before the Spanish conquerors arrived， remains the ultimate symbol of Mexican identity and nationhood. Thousands troop up to the top of the Pyramid of the Sun to celebrate the summer solstice.
To them， the idea of having a Wal-Mart next door is abhorrent. In the words of Homero Aridjis， a writer and one of the leading opponents， “it is like driving the stake of globalisation into the heart of old Mexico.” The controversy is only the latest in a string of protesters' attempts to save Mexican culture from what they see as a creeping menace. They won a famous victory by blocking a McDonalds restaurant from opening in the main square of the pretty southern colonial town of Oaxaca.
But this time they were on much thinner ground. For a start， Wal-Mart went through all the appropriate regulatory hoops， even getting permission from the Paris-based International Council on Monuments and Sites， which judged that the store would cause no harm to the nearby ruins. A small stone platform was indeed found during construction of the new car park， but was preserved.
Just as importantly， the claim that the new store spoils the famous view from the top of the Pyramid of the Sun is clearly bogus， as anyone who cares to get to the top can testify. The problem is not so much that you can see the Wal-Mart， but one of trying to distinguish it from the 30-odd other ugly， squat buildings that litter the surrounding countryside——to say nothing of the car parks， the electricity pylons and the large power station. Sadly， unrestricted building long ago ruined this particular view， as well as many others in Mexico.
To the diehards， the issue counts more than the view. But neither mattered much to the hundreds of locals who queued up for the opening， delighted to be freed of the small and expensive local shops. Despite a legal case pending against Wal-Mart and local officials， brought by an irate local left-wing politician， this is one battle that the American retailer has probably won.
注(1)：本文选自Economist; 11/13/2004， p42;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2001年真题Text 4(其中因2001年真题Text 4只有四个题目，所以本文第4题模仿参照对象为2003年Text 1的第四题);
1. Why the opening of Wal-Mart caused stir?
[A]Wal-Mart would have severe competition with the local stores.
[B]War-Mart would provide them with a larger choice and more benefits.
[C]It was said to have ruined the scene of the ancient site.
[D]There shouldn‘t be a store near the ancient site.
2. From Paragraph 2 we can infer that _________.
[A]the ancient city means a lot to the Mexicans
[B]a store will be too noisy for the ancient city
[C]the ancient city is very mysterious
[D]the pyramid is a good place for holding big ceremony
3. According to Wal-Mart， it has a good reason to build store there because _______.
[A]it proves no harm to the nearby ruins
[B]the scene of the ancient sites has been damaged
[C]customers want to buy some cheap products
[D]it has been widely accepted by the customers there.
4. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that _________.
[A]the famous view is not as good as it used to be
[B]the city lacks planning in building
[C]the ancient site is littered with ugly buildings
[D]Wal-Mart shouldn‘t be fully responsible for the ruined view.
5. Toward the fate of Wal-Mart， the writer‘s attitude can be said to be _________.
[A]objective
[B]optimistic
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased
答案：CADDBThere is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns.It is sometimes placed among“situations vacant”，although it does not offer anyone a job，and sometimes it appears among“situation wanted”，although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either.What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
“Contact us before writing your application” or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed.The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is，of course，a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history)，with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application.“Just put down your name，address，age and whether you have passed any exams” was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school.The letter was really just for openers，it was explained，everything else could and should be saved for the interview.And in those days of full employment the technique worked.The letter proved that you could write and were available for work.Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later，as you moved up the ladder，something slightly more sophisticated was called for.The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.It might be the aggressive approach.“Your search is over.I am the person you are looking for”was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded.Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.
There is no doubt，however，that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
1.The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns____.
[A] informs job hunters of the opportunities available
[B] promises useful advice to those looking for employment
[C] divides available jobs into various types
[D] informs employers of people available for work
2.Nowadays a demand for this specialised type of service has been created because____.
[A] there is a lack of jobs available for university graduates
[B] there are so many top-level jobs available
[C] great importance is attached to written application
[D] jobs are becoming so varied that one needs advice to choose the right one
3.In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would____.
[A] write an initial letter giving their life history
[B] pass some exams before applying for a job
[C] have no qualifications other than being able to read and write
[D] keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
4.The job history has become such an important document because____.
[A] there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised
[B] there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
[C] jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays
[D] other supporting experiences for jobs are no longer required
5.What does the author think of the new advertisement?
[A] Necessary. [B] Fashionable.
[C] Superficial. [D] Aggressive.
参考答案：
1.[B] 文中所提到的新型广告不是招聘广告(it does not offer anyone a job)，也不是求职广告(it is not placed by someone looking for a job either)。它旨在帮助申请工作的人写好履历(curriculum vitae)，为获得工作做好充分准备。参阅第一段和第二段第二句。 .
2.[C] 第二段第二、三句谈到了新型广告兴起的两个原因：1)它反映了目前的高失业率状况;2)它表明写好履历越来越重要。第三段第三、四句又指出，过去，申请信只不过是个开端，重要的是面试。在充分就业的那些日子，这种技巧是奏效的，这封信证明你有写作能力，且你已经为接受这份工作做好了准备，而你渴望的表情和机智的应答为你做了其余的事。
3.[D] 参阅第2题题解，另请参阅第三段。
4.[B] 文章最后一段指出，目前，工作申请者大都是受过各种各样的大学教育的人，显然，这解释了为什么写好履历尤其重要。由于多数人都受过大学教育，大家旗鼓相当，这时，写好履历，突出自己的独特之处，以达到鹤立鸡群之效果尤其重要。
5.[A] 参阅其他题题解。重点参阅文章最后一段。Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they‘re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ’It‘s iniquitous，’ they say， ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all， it‘s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He‘d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine， it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance， price， etc.， from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements， but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are， too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful， witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
We must not forget， either， that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers， commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper， or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn‘t forget is the ’small ads.‘ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance， you can find a job， buy or sell a house， announce a birth， marriage or death in what used to be called the ’hatch， match and dispatch‘ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ’agony‘ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
1.What is main idea of this passage?
A. Advertisement.
B. The benefits of advertisement.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. The costs of advertisement.
2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is
A. appreciative.
B. trustworthy.
C. critical.
D. dissatisfactory.
3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers?
A. Because advertisers often brag.
B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”。
C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D. Because customers pay more.
4.Which of the following is Not True?
A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B. We can buy what we want.
C. Good quality products don‘t need to be advertised.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
5.The passage is
A. Narration.
B. Description.
C. Criticism.
D. Argumentation.
Vocabulary
1.come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的对象，吸引(某事物)，获得
2.flair 天资，天分
3.iniquitous 极邪恶的，极不公正的
4.drab 单调的，乏味的
5.subsist 活下去，生存下去，维持下去
6.hatch 孵化(指生孩子)
7.match 匹配，婚姻
8.dispatch 派遣，发送
9.agony 极大痛苦，煎熬
10.agony column (报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的)读者来信专栏
难句译注
1.Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they‘re always coming in for criticism.
【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃(想得很大)，也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。
2.Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion.
【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。
3.No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature.
【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。
4.It‘s the best advertisement for advertising there is.
【参考译文】这是广告中的广告。
写作方法与文章大意
文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞;然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。
答案详解
1.C. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。
第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。
第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱!
最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。
A. 广告。太笼统。B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。D. 广告费用。
2.A. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项对。
B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。
3.A. 因为广告商常常爱吹，见难句译注1.
B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。
4.C. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。
A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。
5.C. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。
A. 叙事。B. 描写。 D. 议论。It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men， neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports， they closed their eyes and began to meditate， consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level， we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.‘ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ’With the mind relaxed and open， it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ‘ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures， he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Hadisiko’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers， Yusuf Soemado， who studied business administration at Harvard University， compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics， Carnegie’s think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation，‘ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage， the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1.file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去
2.Jakarta 雅加达
3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4.Java 爪哇
5.Javanese 爪哇的
6.mysticism 神秘主义
7.boost 促进，增加，提高
8.devout 虔诚的，热诚的
9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
10.legend 传说，神话
11.fasting 禁食，斋戒
12.hold onto 抓紧，保住
13.personnel management system 人事管理制度
14.perspective investment 远景投资
15.venture(商业)投机，风险
16.sharpen 使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖
17.business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑
18.turn around (生意)好转，转变
19.subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的
20.cybernetics 控制论
21.Carnegie 卡耐基
22.tap 开拓，选择
难句译注
1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
【参考译文】在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。
2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
【参考译文】这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。
3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
【参考译文】恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)
4.Search for the inner self.
【参考译文】探索内心的自我。
5.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics， Carnegie‘s think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
【参考译文】类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式――不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。
答案详解
1.C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。
A. 神秘主义。是个总的概念，笼罩生活各方面。而不是具体的做法和重要因素。 B. 宗教。 D. 投资。
2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。
B. Wali Ullah是指印度穆斯林商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah.C. 老帝王。D. 卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想(管理法)。
3.B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临：这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历”。
A. 他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。C. 表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。D. 表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。
4.B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。沉思和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。”
A. 从上帝那里得到利润。 C. 取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah.D. 得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客观的结论。
5.B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。
A. 采用西方买卖方式(交易方式)。文内没有点明正常就是西方方式。C. 和上帝接触。D. 知人善任。President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits， research grants， education reforms， and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the President‘s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Republicans， however， decry even the modest， graduated tax increases in the President‘s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy， let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances， then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this， no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest， that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President‘s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed， it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now， we may not get a second chance.
1.The focus of the President‘s program is on
[A] investment.
[B] economy.
[C] technology.
[D] tax.
2.What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A] They want a more direct action.
[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C] They want to rebuild industry.
[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3.What is the editor‘s attitude?
[A] support.
[B] distaste.
[C] Disapproval.
[D] Compromise.
4.The danger to the plan lies in
[A] the two parties‘ objection.
[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C] its passage.
[D] distortion.
5.The passage is
[A] a review.
[B] a preface.
[C] a advertisement.
[D] an editorial.
Vocabulary
1.reverse 逆转
2.slide 滑坡
3.plague 瘟疫;折磨，困扰
4.tariff 关税
5.decry 谴责，诋毁
6.lever 杠杆;用杠杆撬动
7.crux 症结
8.ideologue 空想家，思想家
9.intact 原封不动的，完整无损的
10.investment credit 投资信贷
11.research grant 研究基金
难句译注
1.This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
【参考译文】这对扭转经济滑坡;滑到失业高，增长少和已经困扰经济达6年之久贸易赤字来说是必要的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一则有关总统向国会提交的经济计划评论。作者采用对比手法来突出其计划之正确性，第一段就讲了计划的涉及面：投资、研究、教育、税收等，目的是制止经济滑坡，提高美国工业竞争力。
第二、三两段叙述了计划遭两方面的反对，总统党内的右翼要求更强硬，更直接的行动，而共和党对即使逐渐稍稍提高一点税收都予以谴责。
第四段提出两者都忽略我们面临经济问题的独特性质。它不是市场或财政问题。掌握新技术的人大量增产，而不能采用新技术的人面临在世界经济中成为二等公民的危险。工业不能达到先进水平，就不能有效地竞争，那么任何保护主义或进入外国市场都不能长期奏效。没有技术优势的经验和利润的再投资，工业经济只能依然落后于外国竞争对手。
最后一段点出总统计划的要点就是工艺技术。作者提出：要求全面通过这一重新建设计划。如果我们不能重建经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。
答案详解
2.C 工艺技术。最后一段第一句“问题的症结就在于工艺技术，这就是总统计划的要点所在。”第四段：“对掌握新技术的人来说，新技术使他们大大增产，而新技术对不能掌握它的人来说，在世界经济中他们面临沦为永久性的二等公民的危险。如果不能做到这一点，那么任何政府保护主义，进入国际市场都不能有效地竞争。如果不能有技术优势的利润和经验再投资，工业只能进一步落后于国外竞争对手。”这些都说明总统计划的重点再工艺技术。
A.投资。D.税收。只是总统计划的涉及面。B.经济。太笼统了。
3.A 更直接行动。第二段“总统的党内几段自由翼要求更强硬、更直接行动。他们要求用收入(税收)政策来制止通货膨胀;联邦财政在关税保护下，帮助重建工业。”
B.他们需要制止通货膨胀。C.重建工业。D.保护关税墙。都只是他们要求中的不分内容，不完整。
4.A支持。第四、五段集中了评论者的观点，支持的理由和论点。
B.厌恶。C.不赞成。D.调和妥协。
5.D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危险不在于计划将不被通过，而在于左和右的思想理论家们用修正案来歪曲提案，使计划要点蒙尘模糊不清，经济重建计划应原封不动地通过。”这是作者的态度，也是他所担心之处。
A.两党的反对。B.两党对计划的不同看法。C.它的通过。
6.D 社论。
A.评论。社论也是评论的一种，但它是报纸主编所撰，常常是有关国内外大事评论。B.前言。C.广告。The main idea of these business schools is appealing.In a world where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition，it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder.Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas.How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer them protection and promotion?
Many bosses would love to have an answer.Sumantra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they have one：“Employability”。If managers offer the right kinds of training and guidance，and change their attitude towards their underlings，they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good job—even if it is with a different company.
Unfortunately，they promise more than they deliver.Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should achieve are hard to quarrel with：encourage people to be creative，make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the most of them，keep the organization from getting stale and so forth.The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment.At its nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers，and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine.
The authors offer a few inspiring examples of companies——they include Motorola， 3M and ABB—that have managed to go some way towards creating such organizations.But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it，and leave the biggest questions unanswered.How do you continuously train people，without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value，and not simply on those they enjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous，and when they are not they are unconvincing.
1. We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee .
[A]had job security and opportunity of promotion
[B]had to compete with each other to keep his job
[C]had to undergo training all the time
[D]had no difficulty climbing the corporate ladder
2. According to Christopher Bartlett what will improve“employability”?
[A] Ability to lay out one‘s talents to employers.
[B]Skills and knowledge accumulated from school education.
[C] Training opportunity and guidance offered by company.
[D]Being creative and ready to share collective wisdom.
3. What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?
[A] Very instructive. [B] Very inspiring.
[C] Hard to implement. [D] Quite harsh.
4. In their work，Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss .
[A]changes in business organizations [B]contracts between employers and employees
[C]employment situation [D]management ideas
5.This passage seems to be a(n) .
[A]book review [B]advertisement
[C]news report [D]research paper
阅读小帮手
核心词汇
appealing adj.吸引人的 sparkle v.(使)闪耀 reassure vt.使恢复信心
stale adj.陈腐的 implicit adj.暗示的。盲从的 inspiring adj.鼓舞的
divert v.转移 profitable adj.有利可图的
文章翻译
这些商业学校的想法非常具有吸引力。在这里所有公司都必须适应新技术与竞争环境，为优秀雇员提供工作保障以及晋升的机会比以前更困难了。然而，对于雇员来讲，拥有更好的技能以及充满睿智的思想火花也比以前更有必要了。如果公司不再能够为雇员提供保障和晋升，他们如何使雇员充分发挥才能呢?
很多老板都希望有自己的答案。伦敦商学院的苏曼特拉。戈沙尔和哈佛商学院的克里斯托弗。巴特利特认为他们自己的答案是“可雇佣性”。如果经理提供正确的培训及指导，并且改变他们对下属的态度，他们将能使自己的雇员充满信心并且认为自己总是有技能、有经验、可以找到一份好工作——即使是在不同的公司。
令人遗憾的是，这些老板所做的承诺远远超出他们实际所能做到的。在有关一个完美的组织所能获得的成就上，如鼓励人们具有创造性、与公司同甘共苦、避免公司疲塌并向前发展等方面，他们无可非议。但他们在展示公司是如何创造出这样一种环境之时却令人非常失望。问题的中心在于这样一种观念：即他们认为改变与工人的合同并将其看作价值的源泉而非机器中的齿轮，来达到公司的目的。
作者提供了一些鼓舞人心的公司案例(包括摩托罗拉、3M和ABB)，这些公司都成功地创造出了这样的组织机构。但是他们很少提供有关如何运作组织的有益指导，这个最复杂的问题一直没人来回答。如何在不分散雇员对工作注意力的情况下不断地对他们加以培训，以使公司所获利润更大?如何将雇员培训为一个在任何地方都是优秀的人而又激励他们为你的公司效力?如何使思想解放的雇员将他们的时间花费在能够创造价值的想法上而不是他们所喜爱的一些念头上?这些问题的大多数答案都是老生常谈，不是老生常谈的也不具有说服力。
答案辨析
1.A推断题。由题干关键词in the past和employee定位文章第一段的it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employee job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder可看出，过去一名优秀的职员很容易获得工作保障和晋升机会，结合选项可知，A正确。且由该句话可知在过去工作上的竞争并不算残酷，因此排除B(必须和别人竞争);文中并未谈到过去有什么培训，故排除C(必须总是接受培训);D(在公司获得晋升毫无不费力)过于绝对。
2.C细节题。由题干关键词Christopher Bartlett和employability定位文章第二段。该段中
employability后的内容即是对此词的解释：经理们提供正确的培训及指导，并且能够改变对下属的态度，就能使雇员总是有技能、有经验，从而可以找到一份好工作。结合选项可知，C正确。
3.C态度题。题干问作者对Ghoshal and Bartlett的观点有何看法。从第三段的Unfortunately，they promise more than they deliver…(令人遗憾的是，他们所做的承诺远远超出他们实际所能做到的)以及下文提到的The real disappointment comes…可以看出，作者对Ghoshal和Bartlett的观点不以为然，认为这两个人许诺的比实际提供的要多，可见作者认为他们的观点不切实际，故选C.
4.D推断题。文中提到，Ghoshal和Bartlett不仅讨论了企业的组织形式，还讨论了企业应该提供给员工一个创新的环境，以及对企业员工进行培训和管理，最后达到企业发展的目的。因此用“企业管理”来概括他们的观念最为合适，选项中A过于片面，B只是简单提到，C过于宽泛，只有D最符合题意。
5.A推断题。判断此题的关键在最后一段，由该段首句The author offers a few example of companies…but they offer little useful guidance…中的关键词the author可推知，本文属于书评，故应选A.
