2015考研英语翻译练习题及答案

　　

　　Section A

　　Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)

　　1. It is requested that an applicant whose undergraduate work is done at another institution _____ two copies of undergraduate transcripts and degrees directly to the dean of the graduate school.

　　A.must send

　　B.send

　　C.are to send

　　D.need send

　　2. Many farmers came to the city, _____ jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city.

　　A.looking for

　　B.to look for

　　C.having looked for

　　D.looked for

　　3. Alcohol is highly unusual _____ at least twenty percent of it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

　　A.in consequence of which

　　B.provided that

　　C.so that

　　D.in that

　　4. His features were agreeable;his body, _____ slight of build,had something of athletic outline.

　　A.somehow

　　B.as

　　C.though

　　D.somewhat

　　5. Electronic computers, _____ many advantages,cannot carry out creative work or replace man.

　　A.though having had

　　B.which have

　　C.even if having

　　D.over which have

　　6. We advocate _____ the economic,cultural and religious traditions of all national minorities.

　　A.to respect

　　B.to be respected

　　C.respecting

　　D.having respected

　　7. This is so difficult a problem that the scientist is known to _____ it for about ten years.

　　A.have worked on

　　B.have been working on

　　C.be working on

　　D.work on

　　8. I would have passed the college entrance examinations _____ I misread some of the questions and gave the wrong answers.

　　A.but

　　B.because

　　C.as

　　D.in that

　　9. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way you can avoid it, _____ you can avoid being hungry.

　　A.much more than

　　B.no more than

　　C.any more than

　　D.no less than

　　10. We decided against installing the new heating apparatus for the reason _____ it would be too costly.

　　A.why

　　B.which

　　C.that

　　D.asSection B

　　Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points)

　　1. Statistics from (A) the developed countries suggest that it is (B) only when (C) people's living standards begin to rise does birth rate begin to fall. (D)

　　2. It is only natural that a 2?year old child, having just learned (A) to move about, trys (B) to reach for (C) things he is not supposed (D) to be touching.

　　3. For the human species to survive (A) over time, their (B) members must regularly reproduce.Thus women must, whether at home or in the labor force, (C) make the (D) most of their physical appearance.

　　4. From industrial beginnings (A) in the nineteenth century,plastics struggled (B) through (C) a hundred and twenty years of glory,failure,disrepute and suspicion on the slow road to (D) public acceptance.

　　5. Freezing does not make canned fruits (A) unsafe to eat unless (B) it breaks the seal of the container and lets in (C) bacteria that causes (D) spoilage.

　　6. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle (A) as men for their body mass.That is why (B) an average woman can't lift as much (C) ,throw as far, and hit as hard (D) as an average man.

　　7. For any Englishman,there can never be any discussion as to (A) who is the world's greatest poet and greatest dramatist.Only one name can possibly (B) suggest itself to us (C) : that of (D) William Shakespeare.

　　8. He appears to be absorbed (A) in the sports news (B) on the back pages of his paper and ignores (C) the hurried (D) crowd.

　　9. American footfall, which (A) I know little, seems to be (B) an exciting (C) sports (D) game.

　　10. Surprisingly (A) as it (B) may seem,the united states a relatively new nation has (C) the world's oldest organized (D) trade union movement.　Section C

　　Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

　　1. I'd like John to have the job, but if he doesn't accept it, we'll have to _____ a less experienced man.

　　A.fall back on

　　B.resort to

　　C.turn on

　　D.look up to

　　2. There was tremendous excitement in the streets and the shouting didn't _____ till after midnight.

　　A.die away

　　B.die down

　　C.die off

　　D.die out

　　3. Many English boys go to boarding school at the age of seven. They usually _____ quickly and are very happy.

　　A.get along

　　B.carry on

　　C.bring up

　　D.settle down

　　4. He agreed to take my classes while I was away, but he _____ . He never turned up for any of them.

　　A.backed me up

　　B.gave himself away

　　C.let me down

　　D.lived up to me

　　5. Alcohol abuse is the most serious drug problem in the United States today. _____ Dr.Chavetz believes that alcohol can do more good than harm if it is properly controlled.

　　A.Anyway

　　B.Nevertheless

　　C.Meanwhile

　　D.Otherwise

　　6. Their ideas about occupation for men and women are not as _____ as older people's ideas are.

　　A.stern

　　B.harsh

　　C.rigid

　　D.serious

　　7. My daughter is entering a new _____ of development now that she is starting school.

　　A.span

　　B.era

　　C.phase

　　D.sphere

　　8. A telephone directory is a book with large _____ ，a successful book so often reprinted as to make any author envious.

　　A.publication

　　B.popularity

　　C.registration

　　D.circulation

　　9. Since she took up Women's Lib, she has stopped _____ her husband on every point of difference between them: she sticks to her guns.

　　A.giving in to

　　B.putting up with

　　C.turning to

　　D.falling in with

　　10. State governments and other governmental agencies, special foundation, and the college themselves _____ many scholarships to students with special abilities and to those with financial needs.

　　A.allot

　　B.grant

　　C.present

　　D.assign11. Most of the newly invented technical terms are _____ special discussions,and seldom get into general literature or conversation.

　　A.entitled to

　　B.involved in

　　C.confined to

　　D.absorbed in

　　12. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is, therefore, not _____ to work locally.

　　A.compelled

　　B.obliged

　　C.restricted

　　D.repelled

　　13. In more general use are inexpensive chopsticks of bamboo or wood that can be bought in _____ of pairs; 10 is the usual number.

　　A.bunches

　　B.bundles

　　C.units

　　D.pieces

　　14. Postage rates depends upon several factors the type of communication,the _____ ，the weight and the method of transportation.

　　A.distribution

　　B.termination

　　C.destination

　　D.delivery

　　15. Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. In fact, any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the _____ caused by traffic jams.

　　A.frustration

　　B.disturbance

　　C.nuisance

　　D.confusion

　　16. I should have been quite willing to lend him the book he asked for,but I didn't have it with me _____ .

　　A.of the moment

　　B.for the moment

　　C.on the moment

　　D.to the moment

　　17. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, _____ is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.

　　A.persistence

　　B.regularity

　　C.consistency

　　D.conformity

　　18. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the _____ of behavior that helps people to live together and make one group of people different from another group.

　　A.format

　　B.pattern

　　C.form

　　D.mode

　　19. The idea of using wind and solar energy as power sources is _____ new but is receiving increasing attention partly because these resources are non?pollutant.

　　A.in no way

　　B.in a way

　　C.at one time

　　D.at times

　　20. Physical exercises and games can provide change from work, allow relief of nervous _____ ,help to correct certain physical deficiencies and protect against illness.

　　A.pressure

　　B.stress

　　C.tension

　　D.anxietyPart II Cloze Test

　　Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

　　In the past,permanence was the ideal. 41 engaged in handcrafting a pair of boots or in constructing a cathedral,all man's creative and productive energies went 42 maximizing the 43 of the product.Man built to last.He had to. 44 the society around him was relatively unchanging each object had clearly defined functions,and economic logic 45 the policy of permanence.Even if they had to be repaired now 46 ,the boots that cost fifty dollars and lasted ten years were less expensive than those that cost ten dollars and lasted only a year.

　　As the general rate of change in society 47 ,however,the economics of permanence are and must be replaced by the economics of 48 .First,advancing technology 49 to lower the costs of manufacture much more rapidly than the costs of repair work.This means that it often becomes cheaper to replace than to repair.It is economically sensible to build cheap,unrepairable,throw?away objects, 50 they may not last as long as repairable objects.

　　41.A.Those B.If C.Once D.Whether

　　42.A.about B.after C.on D.towards

　　43.A.facility B.efficiency C.durability D.stability

　　44.A.Although B.Unless C.Even if D.As long as

　　45.A.indicated B.dictated C.prescribed D.implied

　　46.A.or later B.or never C.and then D.and later

　　47.A.accelerates B.amplifies C.alternates D.anticipates

　　48.A.transience B.dominance C.prominence D.endurance

　　49.A.tempts B.tends C.turns D.tunes

　　50.A.as if B.and yet C.but then D.even though

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

　　Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)

　　Passage 1

　　In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public office, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special?interest groups, and opinion leaders.

　　Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white?collar collar, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of full?time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one's view of current events.

　　The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to“follow the headlines.” Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions.

　　The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of pubic issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Today's elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days of Franklin D.Roosevelt and his“fireside chats,”presidents have appealed diectly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs.

　　Special?groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens' organizations that lobbied to halt the use of nuclear power. During the 1960s the American Medical Association conducted an unsuccessful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare.

　　Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, show?business personalites, and celebrity atheltes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel prizewinners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.

　　1. The second paragraph is mainly about _____ .

　　A.the influence of gender on people's view

　　B.the influence of people's status on their view

　　C.the influence of living standard on people's view

　　D.the influence of different ranks on people's view

　　2. The expression“follow the headlines”shows _____ .

　　A.people seldom have time to read newspaper articles

　　B.people think the headlines contain the most important information

　　C.people often get their opinions from newspapers or television

　　D.most people look on newspapers or TV as misleading

　　3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.TV programs have a strong influence on governmental policy.

　　B.Chats on televisions are chief means for running for presidency.

　　C.More and more people show interest in politics because of TV.

　　D.Before the use of TV, people showed little interest in politics.

　　4. It is obvious that the opinion of famous people _____ .

　　A.is often ignored by the public

　　B.is seldom expressed to the point

　　C.is often imposed on the public

　　D.has a strong influence on peoplePassage 2

　　To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid?1860's to the mid?1800's, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a halfdozen leaders in edcuation provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni(校友)and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive“Young Yale”movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultanceously rallied(聚集)to relieve the college's poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.

　　The old?style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr.Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty?five, son of a former treasure of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot's administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the develpoment of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877.By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up:science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law.

　　1. Which of the following is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

　　A.To present the history of Harvard College and compare it with that of Yale University.

　　B.To criticize the conditions of the U.S. universities in the 19th century.

　　C.To describe innovations in the U.S.higher education in the latter 1800's.

　　D.To introduce what was happening in major U.S.universities before the turn of the century.

　　2. According to the passage, the educational changes were the result of _____ .

　　A.plans developed by conservative and church leaders

　　B.efforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational system

　　C.the demands of social organization seeking financial relief

　　D.rallies held by westerners wanting to compete with eastern schools

　　3. Before the change, Harvard _____ .

　　A.was short of financial aid

　　B.offered a narrower range of subjects

　　C.was not strict with its students

　　D.all of the above

　　4. Form the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Harvard College before progressive changes occurred?

　　A.Admission standards were lower.

　　B.Students were younger.

　　C.Classes ended earlier.

　　D.Courses were more practical.　Passage 3

　　A million years have been added to man's evolutionary history.While anthropologists once estimated the age of Zinjanthropus,the earliest toolmaking creature,as more than 600000 years,a recent radioactive dating measurement,based on volcanic rock samples from East Africa,where Zinjanthropus was discovered in 1959,now indicates that this primitive man may have roamed the earth 1750000 years ago.The new date pushes evidence for the emergence of toolmaking one of the two essential attributes of humanity back into the Pliocene Age,and it seems to fit more easily into the picture of human evolution than the 600000 year figure.

　　The Zinjanthropus was capable of walking erect,so that its hands were freed,and it had a brain large enough to enable it to perform such simple tasks as making primitive cutting tools from quartz rock.The Zinjanthropus was not a man of the modern species,homo sapiens,but many anthropolgists see in the creature a type that could be very close to,if not actually in,the line of human evolution.The Zinjanthropus must be classified as a man,albeit(尽管)of a primitive type,because no animal species other than man both makes and uses tools.

　　Anthropologists consider it probable that the larger brain and higher intelligence of modern man evolved as primitive manlike creatures learned to use tools and to communicate by speech the other essential of humanity.Such a course of evolution seems more reasonable starting nearly two million years ago than it would at the faster evolutionary pace required if the process started only a half million years ago.

　　1. A million years are added to man's past by the _____ .

　　A.unearthing(出土)of Zinjanthropus

　　B.discovery of some primitive tools

　　C.dating of rock samples from East Africa

　　D.invention of a radioactive dating process

　　2. This leads anthropologists to believe that _____ .

　　A.the pattern of human evolution was not what has been generally supposed

　　B.the evolutionary pace was faster than was supposed

　　C.primitive intelligence must be reevaluated

　　D.previous theories of human evolution are correct

　　3. The Zinjanthropus can be called a man because _____ .

　　A.it made and used tools

　　B.it walked erect

　　C.its brain directed its toolmaking

　　D.it probably communicated by speech

　　4. The new date fits the human evolutionary pattern more easily than the old because it _____ .

　　A.allows a more reasonable evolutionary pace

　　B.indicates man is younger than was believed

　　C.establishes the existence of man in the Pliocene Age

　　D.indicates that man is nearly two million years oldPassage 4

　　“Magic bullets”,this term sounds like the invention of a fantasy writer, but in fact, it represents a long?standing dream of medical scientists. The dream: to find ways of homing in on and destroying diseased cells, such as cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells unharmed. It is a tantalizing idea but a highly elusive one, and for years reseachers could not quite make it work.

　　The search for magic bullets began early in this century with the work of a brilliant German bacteriologist, Paul Ehrlich, who coined the term magic bullets, noticed that certain dyes were taken up by a variety of infectious microorganisms. That observation led him to the idea of chemically hitching a toxin(poison)such as arsenic to a dye to kill the microbes(germs)that cause syphilis and other diseases. Although his efforts had only limited success, they led to the concept of“chemotherapy”,the use of chemicals to treat disease.

　　In later years, other investigators began looking for chemicals to kill cancer cells that have metastasized, or spread to other parts of the body. Metastasis is what makes cancer so deadly. A cancerous tumor can be removed surgically. But if even one or two cancer cells have broken away from a tumor, they can travel through the circulatory system and start new tumors elsewhere in the body. By the 1980's, researchers had developed some 40 drugs for killing cancer cells. These chemicals generally act by entering and destroying cells that are in the process of dividing rapidly. The problem is that many normal cells, such as hair cells and the cells of the intestines(肠),also reproduce rapidly, and so they too absorb a large dose of the chemical. That is why cancer patients receiving chemotherapy often experience hair loss, nausea, and other unpleasant side effects. That is why chemotherapy usually does not cure a patient with metastasized cancer. If enough of the drug is given to kill all the cancer cells, the drug may well kill the patient, too.

　　1. As we can see from the passage, the“magic bullet”really refers to _____ .

　　A.a kind of chemicals

　　B.a kind of instrument

　　C.a specific kind of cell

　　D.a way of treatment

　　2. In treating cancer patient, chemotherapy _____ .

　　A.has proved to be effective

　　B.has no effect at all

　　C.often kill the patient

　　D.has some limited effect

　　3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.The first satisfactory magic bullet was developed by a German bacteriologist

　　B.drugs for cancer often kill the patient along with the cancerous cells

　　C.drugs for cancer often have some unpleasant side effects

　　D.magic bullets proved to be effective only on ordinary cancer patients

　　4. The expression“home in on”in the third sentence of paragraph 1 probably means _____ .

　　A.locate

　　B.kill

　　C.reach

　　D.inventPassage 5

　　There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns.It is sometimes placed among“situations vacant”,although it is not offer anyone a job,and sometimes it appears among“situation wanted”,although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either.What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.

　　“Contact us before writing your application”,or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed.The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is,of course,a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history),with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.

　　There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application.“Just put down your name,address,age and whether you have passed any exams”was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school.The letter was really just for openers,it was explained,everything else could and should be saved for the interview.And in those days of full employment the technique worked.The letter proved that you could write and were available for work.Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.

　　Later,as you moved up the ladder,something slightly more sophisticated was called for.The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.It might be the aggressive approach.“Your search is over.I am the person you are looking for” was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.

　　There is no doubt,however,that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

　　1. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns _____ .

　　A.informs job hunters of the opportunities available

　　B.promises useful advice to those looking for employment

　　C.divides available jobs into various types

　　D.informs employers of people available for work

　　2. Nowadays a demand for this specialised type of service has been created because _____ .

　　A.there is a lack of jobs available for unievsity graduates

　　B.there are so many top?level jobs available

　　C.great importance is attached to written application

　　D.jobs are becoming so varied that one needs advice to choose the right one

　　3. In the past it was expected that first?job hunters would _____ .

　　A.write an initial letter giving their life history

　　B.pass some exams before applying for a job

　　C.have no qualifications other than being able to read and write

　　D.keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview

　　4. The job history has become such an important document because _____ .

　　A.there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised

　　B.there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees

　　C.jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays

　　D.othersupporting experiences for jobs are no longer required.Part IV English?Chinese Translation

　　Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)

　　There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or other.

　　Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency.(71) Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them, and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken for granted.

　　Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside?(72) The most obvious answer is that becuse of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come.

　　However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business; If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong?

　　Computers have many uses, varying form pure accounting or back?office sytems to stock or produciton control, or computer?aided design or manufacturing.(73) In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business.

　　The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers have been theft.

　　(74) Initally the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly. It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no back?ups of date and/or programmes.

　　The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lock?down plates or cables. (75) However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft. This led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes.