2014年上海复旦大学考研历史学真题

　　1. where

　　2. fades

　　3. While

　　4. limited

　　5. well-being

　　6. turns

　　7. workouts

　　8. functions

　　9. process

　　10. excel

　　11. However

　　12. according to

　　13. further

　　14. sharpness

　　15. allows

　　16. track

　　17. on

　　18. constantly

　　19. build

　　20. effective　Text 1

　　21. B encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking

　　22. C to register for an allowance from the government

　　23. D A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers

　　24. A uneasy

　　25. A The British welfare system indulges jobseeker’s laziness

　　点评：本篇文章摘自the Guardian(卫报)上题为“In language and action, there's a new brutalism in Westminster”的一篇评论文。George Osborne提出“前期寻找工作”方案，目的是为了提高人民生活水平，减少其对于政府失业津贴的依赖。接着分析他提出这一方案的动机及这方案的有效性，其中涉及失业者的心态和英国现有的福利政策。

　　本篇阅读有一定的难度，需要考生从作者的措辞和对于一些关键词的双引号准确推断出作者对于George Osborne的这一方案的态度。选项设置有一定的混淆性。

　　Text 2

　　26. D the attraction of financial rewards

　　27. C Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major

　　28. B the rigid bodies governing the profession

　　29. A bans outsider’s involvement in the profession

　　30. C a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it

　　点评：本篇文章来自Economist(经济学人)，标题是America’s lawyers: Guilty as charged。从第一段的关键词lawyers和America就可大概推出此篇文章主要就是围绕美国法律界展开。作者指出存在的问题：一、法律专业学习花费过高;二、非律师者不能持有律师事务所的股份，导致费用高和公司创新缓慢;针对这些问题，提出了解决方法。文章最后呼吁美国学习其他国家，尝试律师行业自由化。

　　本篇难度不大，除了最后一道主旨大意题，其余都是细节题和推断题，均能从文章找到关键句。Text 3

　　31A the symbol of the entrepreneurs

　　32B: the founders of the new rewards

　　33D: the demonstration of research foundings

　　34A: their endurance has done justice to them

　　35A : acceptable despite the criticism

　　Text 4

　　36 A critical

　　37 C keep a leading position in liberal education

　　38 A an exclusive study of American history

　　39 B cautious about intellectual investigation

　　40 B illiberal education and “the Heart of the Matter”.

　　41. C How do archaeologists…

　　42. F Most archaeological sites,…

　　43. G Ground surveys allow…

　　44. D Surveys can cover…

　　45. B In another case,…

　　点评：本篇文章介绍了考古学家寻找遗址的方法和过程。文章开篇指出，对于不具备明显特征的考古遗址，调研和采样是非常重要的手段。虽然有些考古遗址迹象明显，且有些是意外发现得知，但大部分考古遗址都是经多年研究才被世人发现。如今，考古学家主要采取系统的调研和高科技手段来寻找遗址。例如，地面测量可以精确判断挖掘是否顺利;而调研既可以针对单个居住点，也可以覆盖整片区域。文章最后举例，美国考古学家René Million和George Cowgill经过多年时间，终于成功绘制出位于墨西哥谷的整个特奥蒂瓦坎城市。

　　本篇文章题材对有些学生来说会比较生僻，但只要掌握每段首句意思，思路清晰，就能排列出正确的顺序。Part C Translation

　　46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.

　　这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能表达对音乐的感受，而无法领悟音乐的精髓。

　　47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

　　人们一致认为，贝多芬思想自由而勇敢无畏，在我看来，要理解其作品必须要抓住勇气这一本质，在演奏其作品时更是如此。

　　48. Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

　　贝多芬习惯用紧促有力的演奏提高音量，然后曲风一转，紧接一段轻柔舒缓的音乐，而在他之前很少有作曲家这么做。

　　49. Especially significant was his views of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual; he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

　　贝多芬的自由观意义尤为深远。在他看来，自由与个人的权利、责任息息相关，他提倡思想自由与个人言论自由。

　　50. One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

　　你可以这样阐释贝多芬的大多数作品：磨难是在所难免的，但是与磨难抗争的勇气则是生命的意义之所在。Honorable president,

　　I’m writing this letter to express my views concerning about how to improve the health status among our university students. My suggestions are as follows.

　　Firstly, we should pay more attention to the physical conditions of the undergraduates rather than their academic performances. Secondly, adequate PE lessons should be guaranteed in their course systems. Finally, we hope that our university should regularly organize various extracurricular activities. Through the implementation of the above methods, I am convinced that the health conditions of our college students could be enhanced considerably.

　　I am looking forward to your reply and I will appreciate your consideration for my proposals.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Xxx

　　本篇考研英语一的小作文是考研常见的建议信，题材涉及大学校园生活，考生应该比较熟悉，难度不大。需要注意的是小作文重在语句的精炼，在信中要清晰明了地表达观点、列明论点。考生在书写时，应当首先表明写此信件的目的;然后具体阐述几个方面，并可借用firstly, secondly, finally等标示词有条理地阐明自己的建议;最后写希望收信人给予回复或采纳，并表示感谢。　Company

　　As depicted in the first half of the cartoon, a loving mother held the hand of a little girl thirty years ago. While in the second half, the little girl, who has become an adult, holds her aged mother tightly three decades later. The combination of the two does indicate theconnotation of the word "company".

　　It cannot be denied that parents contribute their countless vigor and energy in the cultivation of their children. Every progress of children is immersed with their parents’ dedication and efforts. As time passes, children become robust grown-ups, while parents get weak and feeble. And this is the very moment for them to change their positions, namely, the former should put their heart and soul to care for the latter. This care not only belongs to the fulfillment of responsibilities, but also functions as the most precious rewards for the latter.

　　As far as I am concerned, once parents and children can identify their responsibilities in different phases of life and keep in good company with each other, a more harmonious society will be just around the corner.