全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试
英语国家概况试题
课程代码：00522
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。选择题部分
注意事项：1． 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。2． 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。I．MULTIPLE CHOICERead the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B,C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question, Blacken the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points,1 point for each)1.The official name of the U.K. is ______.A. EnglandB．Great BritainC．the British IslesD．the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. ______ was the Roman general who invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC.A. Claudius B． AgricolaC. Augustus D． Julius Caesar3.Among the following groups of people, the ______ came to Britain first.A. Jutes B． AnglesC．Saxons D． Normans4. The English people got their name from the Angles who came from ______.A. France B． NorwayC. Denmark D． Germany5. According to the feudal system in England, ______ owned all the land personally.A. the king B． the serfsC. the knights and freemen D． the barons6. The Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between ______ .A. the crown and the baronsB． the king and the parliamentC. the aristocrats and the middle classD． the monarch and the working people7. ______ in the 14th century was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas.A. Bird Flu B． Black DeathC. Yellow Fever D． Scarlet Fever8. The English Civil War in the 17th century is also called the ______.A. Puritan Revolution B． English ReformationC. English Renaissance D． Industrial Revolution9. The Wars of the Roses were fought between ______ .A. the House of Lancaster and the House of YorkB． the House of Lancaster and the House of KentC. the House of Winchester and the House of YorkD． the House of Winchester and the House of Commons10. ______ was generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.A. Ben jonson B． Edmund SpencerC. William Shakespeare D． Christopher Marlowe11. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the ______ system ended when the Enclosure Acts were introduced.A. “tenant” B． “feudal”C. “open-field” D． “enclosed field”12. As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 ______.A. the workshop of the world B． an agricultural countryC. the workshop of auto industry D． the production center of grain13. The First World War was fought ______.A. at the end of the 19th centuryB． at the end of the 20th centuryC. at the beginning of the 19th centuryD． at the beginning of the 20th century14. In each member state of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Queen is represented by ______.A. a consul B． a generalC. an ambassador D． a Governor-General15. Queen Elizabeth II, the current monarch of the U.K., came to the throne in ______.A. 1950 B． 1952C. 1954 D． 195616. The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of ______ Members of Parliament (MPs).A. 551 B． 601C. 651 D． 70117. In the United Kingdom, central judicial responsibility lies with the following EXCEPT ______.A. Lord Chancellor B． Ministry of justiceC. the Home Secretary D． the Attorney General18. ______ was one of the two established churches in Britain.A. The Baptist Church B． The Methodist ChurchC. The United Reformed Church D． The Church of Scotland19. ______ University was the oldest British university dating from the 12th century.A. Oxford B． GlasgowC. Edinburgh D． Cambridge20. ______ is NOT a popular division of the British national newspapers based on the differences in style and content.A. Quality newspapers B． Popular newspapersC. Spectator newspapers D． Mid-market newspapers21. Supported by the ______ queen, Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in the late 15th century.A. Spanish B． DanishC. Portuguese D． Norwegian22. According to the textbook, there are ______ big cities with a population over two million in the U.S.A. 5 B． 1 5C. 21 D． 3023. The first ______ were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.A. Blacks B． HispanicsC. Indians D． Mexicans24. In September, ______, the Treaty of Paris was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the United States.A. 1776 B． 1781C. 1783 D． 178525. Black slavery disappeared in the north because of the following EXCEPT that ______.A. the price of slaves was highB． the North disliked black slavesC. the North turned towards industryD． the Africans could not stand cold winters in the North26. ______ was NOT a feature in the growth of the American economy in the early 20th century.A. A mushroom growth of citiesB． A slow development of steel industryC. A rapid development of new technologyD． A growth of industrial and financial mergers27. The ______ in the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of material success, spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.A. 1890s B． 1920sC. 1930s D． 1950s28. American policy towards the Soviet Union in the Second World War was centered on the following considerations EXCEPT ______.A. keeping the Soviet Union in the warB．being watchful about Soviet expansive intentionC. getting the Soviet Union into the war against JapanD． working out a strategy of alliance with the Soviet Union29. The most important issue in ______ diplomacy after Pearl Harbor was the formulation of a grand strategy of Europe first.A. Soviet-American B． Franco-AmericanC. Sino-American D． Anglo-American30. The idea of containment towards the Soviet Union was first brought up by ______ , a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow.A. Harry Truman B． George KennanC. George Marshall D． Franklin D. Roosevelt31. Senator McCarthy was called a big liar in ______ in the U.S.A. the Korean War B． the Civil Rights MovementC. the Vietnam War D． the anti-Communist hysteria32. The fast growth of American economy can be attributable to geographical location, ______.A. rich mineral resources, immigration and good quality of labor forcesB． military industries, enough labor supply and good quality of labor forcesC. rich mineral resources, enough labor supply and good quality of labor forcesD． rich mineral resources, enough labor supply and good quality of education33. In the U.S., the ______ are government-run at the federal, state or/and local levels.A. ship-building, car-making and national defenseB． postal service, car-making and national defenseC. road system, ship-building and national defenseD． road system, postal service and national defense34. In 1787,55 delegates from all the states met at ______ to revise the Articles of Confederation.A. Chicago B． New YorkC. Philadelphia D． Washington D．C.35. According to the text, despite its evident weakness the Articles of Confederation had done one important thing: ______.A. they formed a new nationB． they set up a new governmentC. they empowered Congress to taxD． they provided for a national court system36. The U.S. Constitution requires the ______ to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age.A. President B． Vice-presidentC. House Speaker D． House Majority leader37. The highest duty of the U.S. President is ______.A. the amendment of billsB． the execution of the lawC. the management of economyD． the regulation of trade disputes38. The three principal functions of higher education in the U.S. are ______.A. teaching, research and publicationB． teaching, research and public serviceC. teaching, research and voluntary serviceD． teaching, research and vocational training39. The song “Should old acquaintance be forgot and days of auld lang syne” is usually sung on the eve of ______.A. Thanksgiving Day B． Independence DayC. Christmas D． New Year’s Day40. It is commonly believed that death was one of the great themes of ______ poetry.A. T. S. Eliot’s B． Emily Dickinson’sC. Walt Whitman’s D． Langston Hughes’s41. Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, is in the province of ______.A. Alberta B． QuebecC. Ontario D． Atlantic42. While he failed to find the passage to Asia, ______ opened the interior of Canada to French fur trades and later colonizers.A. John Cabot B． Henry HudsonC. Jacques Cartier D． Samuel de Champlain43. In 1971, the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism and encouraged its immigrants to maintain their particular ______ heritages since then.A. cultural B． politicalC. industrial D． agricultural44. Ireland is one of the most ______ countries in Europe.A. Puritan B． MuslinC. Catholic D． Christian45. The ______ of Ireland is described as “mild, moist and changeable” since extreme cold, long frosts, heavy snows in winter and scorching days in summer are uncommon.A. valleys B． lowlandsC. weather D． temperature46. Lake Eyre is regarded as Australia’s largest lake, but most of the time ______.A. it has no water at allB． it has very little waterC. only half of the lake has waterD． only parts of the lake have water47. In Australia, the main reason that so many people prefer to live in a coastal city or town is a(n) ______ one.A. cultural B． politicalC. economic D． environmental48. “School of the Air” refers to ______ in Australia.A. schools which train pilotsB． schools where people can learn how to flyC. a school system where children go to school by airD． a radio educational system through which children learn their lessons49. In New Zealand, over three-fourths of the land is more than 200 meters above sea level, and much of it is ______.A. wet B． hillyC. sandy D． boggy50. New Zealand often has earthquakes because ______.A. the length of the country is too long from east to westB． there is a fault line which runs the length of the countryC. the length of the country is too long from south to northD． the country is geographically divided into too many parts非选择题部分
注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。Ⅱ. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSGive a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)51. Who was the “Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England”?52. When did the name of Great Britain come into being?53. Who became the first woman prime minister in Britain in 1979?54. What do BA, MA, and PhD stand for respectively in the British higher learning system?55. What was the name of the ship that carried 201 pilgrims to the New World in 1620?56. What is the main characteristic of American economic system?57. According to the text, what is agreed to be the completion of the foundation of the American constitutional system?58. What was the movement that took place at the turn of the 20th century demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions in the U.S.?59. In Australia, people can use radio to call doctors who will come y plane. What are those doctors called?60. When did Canada become a partner nation with Britain?Ⅲ. TERM EXPLANATIONExplain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each)61. Bill of Rights (1689)62. Industrial Revolution63. The U.S. system of checks and balances64. Franklin D. Roosevelt
