初三下册英语第十二单元重点

　　Ⅰ.学习目标1. Unit 4重点单词、短语2. it作形式主语的用法Ⅱ.重点、难点分析1、 What other natural disasters can you think of? 你还能想到其他的自然灾害？think of 想起，想到，认为辨析：think of, think about与think over（1）think of想出，记起，考虑Eg: Who thought of the idea？ 谁想出的这个主意？（2）think about思考，考虑Eg: I'll think about your suggestion，and give you an answer tomorrow．我要考虑一下你的建议，明天给你答复。（3）think over 意为“仔细考虑”。Eg: Think over，and you'll find a way． 仔细考虑一下，你就会有办法的。【拓展】What do you think of…? 是固定句型，意为“你觉得……怎么样？”，相当于“How do you like…?”。Eg: What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film?2、Because he is interested in the North and South Poles. 因为他对南北极感兴趣。be interested in 对…..感兴趣， 后面跟名词或者动名词作宾语。The boy is interested in science.They are interested in playing computer games.辨析： interested与interestingInteresting表示事物本身具有使人产生兴趣之处；如The cat is interesting.而interested表示某人对某事感兴趣；如I am interested in the book bought yesterday.3、What would happen if our city was badly flooded? 如果我们的城市严重淹水，将会发生什么事情？happen是不及物动词。happen的用法主要有以下三种：（1）"sth.+happen+地点/时间"，意为"某地/某时发生了某事"。Eg：An accident happened in that street. 那条街发生了一起事故。What's happening outside? 外面发生什么事了？（2）"sth.+happen to+sb."意为"某人出了某事(常指不好的事发生在某人身上)"。Eg: A car accident happened to him yesterday. 昨天他发生了交通事故。What happened to you? (=What was wrong / the matter with you?) 你怎么啦？（3）"sb.+happen+to do sth."意为"某人碰巧做某事"；或者”It happens + that从句”，意为“碰巧…..”Eg: I happened to meet her in the street. 我碰巧在街上遇见她。It happened that I was out when he called. 他来访时我碰巧不在。辨析：happen与take place1). take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。Eg：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing.2). happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。Eg：What happened to you?I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home.4、Would anyone remain alive? 还有人活着吗？（1）remain此处作连系动词，意为“一直保持；仍然处于某种状态”，后面可接形容词、名词、动名词ing形式、动词ed形式或介词短语。Eg：Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest. 无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。【拓展】remain stay 都指“继续停留”或“继续保持某种状态、关系或行动。”remain 常可与stay 互换。1）表示“继续呆在某处”时，应该用不及物动词remain或stayEg：Shall I go or stay?He remained in his seat after all the other students had gone home.2）表示“继续保持或处于原来的状态”时，可用remain或stayEg： The door stayed closed.3）表示“暂住、短期停留”时，只能用不及物动词stayEg：He is staying at Hilton Hotel.4）表示“残留、剩下”时，只能用不及物动词remainEg：Not much of the house remained after the fire.5） remain 强调“继续停留于一处或保持原状态、情况性质而不改变”, stay强调“某人[物]继续留在原地而不离开Eg：This place remains cool all summer.He stayed to see the end of the game.（2）alive形容词，意为“活着的，在世的”。Eg: Is the old man alive now?【注意】alive和living都可以表示“活着的”，但alive通常作表语或后置定语；而living修饰人或者物时需要前置。Eg: All living things need air.5、It covered roads, parks and small houses. 水淹没了道路、公园和小房子。Cover 此处用作及物动词，意为“覆盖；盖上”，常与介词with搭配。cover… with … 意为“用……把……盖住”（表示动作）be covered with... 意为“被……覆盖”（表示状态）Eg: Please cover the table with a white cloth.The hills are covered with trees.【拓展】cover 还可以用作名词，意为“覆盖物；封面等”Eg：The book needs a new cover.6、Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. 大件的物体，例如汽车和轮船，从窗前经过。pass by 意为“通过；经过”；还可以表示“（时间）逝去；过去”。Eg: I see them pass by my house every day.Three years had passed by before she finally found a suitable job.7、I had to do something. 我必须做点什么！辨析：have to 与must（1）must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事，多译为“必须”，而have to多表示客观存在的环境所限,即客观要求(无奈)而为之，多译为“不得不干某事”。Eg：I must clean the room because there are too dirty.（无人强迫） 因为太脏了，我必须要打扫房间。We must be there on time. （责任感的驱使）我们一定准时到达。I have to do my homework now.（不得不做） 我现在不得不做作业。I have to leave school because my family is poor now.（无奈） 因为家里穷了，我不得不退学。（2）must没有时态的变化，而have to有时态的变化。Eg: Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks. Hisfather has to go to take care of him.We don’t have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。（3）must的否定为mustnt， 多表示“禁令”。Eg：No!You mustnt turn left! You must turn right into The Strand. 不！你不能向左转！你应该向右转进入到strand中。由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”； 此用法在中考中的单选题中容易出现！Eg: 1）—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock? 我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗?—Yes, you must. 是的，必须。2）—Must I attend the meeting? 我必须要参加这次会议吗？—No, you needn’t/don’t have to. You can ask Tom to go instead. 不，你不必。你可以让汤姆替你去。7、I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. 我试图给我爸爸打电话，但是电话线路不通。（1）try to do sth. 意为“试图/努力做某事”，侧重尽力，为了达到目的而努力；否定形式为try not to do sth.I’m trying to learn English well.（2）try doing sth. 意为“试着/尝试做某事”，只是一种新的尝试，不一定付出很大的努力。Let’s try knocking at the back door.【拓展】1）try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人努力做某事”We should try our best to practice speaking English.2）try on 意为“试穿”Can I try in on?3）try 作可数名词，意为“尝试”，常构成have a try，意为“试一试”I can’t open the door. Will I have a try?8、It’s impossible to stick with it. 坚持工作很重要。（1）It’s +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth. 意为“对某人来说做某事时……的”It’s +形容词+of sb. +to do sth. 意为“某人做某事是…..的“，此句式中的形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如：polite, nice, kind, good, friendly等。此句式也可以改为Sb. +be +形容词+ to do sth.Eg: It’s hard for me to answer your questions.It was foolish of him to go alone. = He was foolish to go alone.（2）stick with 意为“持续；坚持；不放弃”；还可以表示“紧接；不离开；和……呆在一起”Eg: Stick with your schedule for the week.Stick with them. There’s safety in numbers.9、My friends replied,” I have no time to drink about the flood…” 我的朋友说：“我没有时间考虑洪水…..”辨析：reply与answer（1）两者均可表示“回答”，但 answer 属常用词，多用于一般性应答，而 reply 则较正式，多指经过考虑而作出答复。Eg: I was so nervous that I couldn’t answer [reply]. 我紧张得没作回答。（2）answer 可自由地用作及物或不及物动词，而 reply 除后接 that 从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外，一般只用作不及物动词。其后若接名词或代词作宾语，应借助介词 to。Eg：He replied that he had changed his mind. 他回答说他改变了主意。He didn’t answer [reply to] my question. 他没有回答我的问题。 比较下面两句：He did not know what to reply. 他不知道回答什么(即：用什么回答)。He did not know what to reply to. 他不知道回答什么问题(即：对什么作回答)。（3）answer 除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听(电话)或对门铃等声响作出反应等(常与 telephone, door, bell, door-bell 等连用)。但 reply 不能这样用。Eg：Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?A little girl answered the door. 一个小女孩应声去开门。Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救。（4）两者除用作动词外，都可用作名词。要表示“对……的回答(答复，答案)”等，其后均接介词 to (不用 of)。Eg：Have you had an answer to your letter? 你寄出的信有回音没有?I received no reply to my request. 我的要求没有收到任何答复。10、In surprise people finally started to notice the flood, but it was too late. 最后人们惊讶地开始注意到洪水，但是已经太晚了。in surprise 惊讶地 to one’s surprise 令人吃惊的是【拓展】notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某个人正在做某事； notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事我注意到她正在房间里哭。___________________________________我注意到她在房间里哭。_____________________________________10、My computer is dead, so I will have to buy a new one. 我的电脑不运转了，所以我必须买一台新的。辨析：one, it, thatit指代的是同类同物，that指代的是同类异物，one指的是上下文中提到的同类事物中的一个。Eg: ①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.11、The boy was so quiet that often no one would notice when he came in the room. 那个男孩如此安静，以至于当他进入房间时经常没有人会注意到。So… that 意为“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句，so后接形容词或副词。Eg：He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.【拓展】在so… that结构中，若that 从句的主语一致，在否定句中可与too… to…或not… enough to…结构互换。He is so young that he can’t join the army.= He is too young to join the army.= He isn’t old enough to join the army.12、What awful weather! 多糟糕的天气啊！（1）what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).What a clever girl she is!（2）How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is).How cold it is today!13、The government asked people to leave for higher ground…leave for 动身去……；启程去……昨天他们动身去北京。_____________________________________【拓展】（1）leave可用作及物或不及物动词，意为“离开。出发。”常用于短语，意为“动身，出发(去某地)” He left Pairs for New York.（2）leave 属非延续性动词，它不能和表示一段时间的词连用，如果要表示离开一段时间，要用be away来代替。 I have been away for a week.（3）leave用作名词时，可以表达多种含义，如“休假。假期，许可，同意” I had a two week leave.（4）take leave of =take one’s leave意为“向… 告别” He took his leave and went home.14、Barry suggested putting food, water and medicine in a disaster survival kit. 巴里建议把食物、水和药品放进一个灾难救生包里。（1）suggest后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，但不接动词不定式。He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.（2）suggest sb. to do sth. 向某人建议某事What did you suggest to the manager?（3）suggest表“建议”，其后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“主语（+should）+动词原形”I suggest（that）we （should）hold a meeting.15、In the end, the asteroid did not hit the Earth. 最后，小行星没有撞击地球。辨析：in the end, finally, at last（1）in the end 意为“终于”“最后”，表示经过许多变化、周折或捉摸不定的情况后发生了某事，也许是期待中的情况，也许是非期待中的情况。还可以表示一种推测。He worked hard, and in the end he succeeded.（2）at last 仅仅用于表示经过周折、等待或努力出现所期待的结果，不用于出现非期待的结果。My son is at home in the end/at last.（3）finally 既可用于表示时间位置，相当于 in the end，也可以用于表示时间的先后顺序，如同 first(ly)，second(ly)，next，then，last，lastly 等词的用法。Finally, I’d like to thank you all for coming.