《出师表》有言曰：“亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。”
"Out of the teacher table" has said: "Pro Xian Chen, far villain, this first Han so prosperous also; Pro villain, far Xian Chen, henceforth Han so decadent also."
这一亲一疏，导致“成败异变，功业相反。”这又是什么原因呢？
This close relationship leads to "different success or failure, opposite achievements." What's the reason?
在我看来，勿以亲疏论事非。
In my opinion, don't talk about affairs with intimacy.
纵观一部卷帙浩繁的中华史，其中王朝更替、治乱相续往往能使人掩卷沉思。作为拥有至高无上权力的君主，百姓们的生杀予夺之大权，也毫无疑问地掌握在其手中，真可谓：“君主一跬步，皆关民命。”就是这样，我们往往能看见一些小人，他们溜须拍马，阿谀奉承，曲意逢迎，把君主们的每一个毛孔无不弄得舒坦至极。于是这些人深得君主之“亲”，甚至独揽大权，破坏朝纲，明末的魏忠贤专权不就是明证吗？而贤明的君主求贤若渴，对人才亲之信之，恰恰是因为明是非，懂事理，才知孰亲孰黜之分。
Throughout a voluminous history of China, the replacement of dynasties and the continuation of chaos often make people think deeply. As a monarch with supreme power, the people's power of life and death is undoubtedly in their hands. It can be said that "every step of a monarch's life is related to the people's life." In this way, we can often see some villains, who flatter, flatter and flatter, making every pore of the monarchs very comfortable. Therefore, these people are deeply "close" to the monarch, and even monopolize the power to destroy the court. Isn't the dictatorship of Wei Zhongxian at the end of Ming Dynasty a clear proof? But the wise monarch is eager to be virtuous, and he believes in the talents' relatives precisely because he knows the right and wrong, understands the reason, and knows who is the relative and who is the dethroner.
在人类社会中，自“大道既隐，各亲其亲子其子”以来，亲情就成为了维系这个社会的稳固的牢不可破的精神纽带，人们往往认为亲人们总是对自己好，因而他们总是对的，没有错的，而对于旁人，难免存着此疆彼界之心，所谓“人心隔肚皮”，难免对别人有着成见，故事中的富人即此类典型人物，而有两位人物的行为却值得我们的赞叹。
In the human society, since "the road is hidden, each parent and son and son" has become an unbreakable spiritual link to maintain the stability of this society. People often think that relatives are always good to themselves, so they are always right and right, and for the people around them, there is inevitably a heart between the border, the so-called "heart separated from the belly", which is inevitable to have success for others See, the rich in the story are such typical characters, and the behavior of two characters deserves our admiration.
羊子的“内举不避亲，外举不避仇”。想必大家是耳熟能详了，不以亲疏好恶来定是非，而是唯贤是举，诚可贵矣。
Yang Zi's "internal lift does not avoid relatives, external lift does not avoid enemies.". I think we are familiar with each other. We don't judge right or wrong by the likes and dislikes of our relatives, but only by virtue. It's really valuable.
另一位是中国革命的先驱者孙中山先生，他在广大的人民群众着享有崇高的威望，在担任了南京临时政府大总统之后，权力可谓达到了政治生涯的顶峰。各界人士一致推举孙中山的哥哥孙眉担任广东的督都，当此之时，孙中山先生只需微微首肯，便定能保证自己的哥哥飞黄腾达，然而这位伟人没有这样做，他只是婉言地谢绝了，说：“我哥哥才力有限，不堪担此重任。”如此高风亮节怎能不让人仰慕不已。
The other is Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the pioneer of the Chinese revolution. He enjoys high prestige among the masses of the people. After he became the president of Nanjing interim government, his power reached the peak of his political career. People from all walks of life unanimously recommended sun Mei, Sun Yat-sen's elder brother, as the governor of Guangdong Province. At that time, Sun Yat-sen would surely guarantee his elder brother's prosperity with only a little approval. However, the great man didn't do so. He just declined politely and said, "my elder brother has limited ability and can't bear the heavy task." How can we not be so admirable.
勿以亲疏定是非就意味着抛弃小我，一己之私利，来成全大我，寻求真理；勿以亲疏定是非就意味着克制感悟，注重理性，让理性之光熠熠生辉！勿以亲疏定是非其实就意味着一种广博的爱！
Don't set right and wrong by intimacy means abandoning the ego and self-interest to complete the ego and seek truth; don't set right and wrong by intimacy means restraining perception, paying attention to reason and making the light of reason shine! Don't set right and wrong by intimacy, which means a kind of broad love!
评点：这是一篇颇见“功力”的文章。作者先由《出师表》引出自己的观点：“勿以亲疏定是非”，然后从正反两个方面进行论证，最后归结文章，遵循的是一般议论文的套路，并没有别出心裁出奇制胜之处。但作者在论述自己的观点时，从古今文史资料中引用材料，颇有顺手拈来左右逢源之感，显示出作者比较扎实的文史功底，这靠的是平日的积累和功夫，不是“灵机一动”所能达到的。这是读书作文的正路，也是值得充分肯定的。但作者在引用“诗文”时，有些文句，文气还不够贯通，可在行文技巧上下些功夫。
Comment: This is an article with a lot of "skill". The author first draws out his own point of view from the teacher's list: "don't judge right and wrong by intimacy", and then demonstrates it from both positive and negative aspects. Finally, the author sums up the article and follows the pattern of general argumentative papers. There is no originality. However, when discussing his own views, the author quoted materials from the ancient and modern literature and history materials, which showed that the author had a good command of literature and history, which depended on his daily accumulation and Kung Fu, but not on the ability of "brainstorming". This is the right way to read and write, and it is also worthy of full affirmation. However, when quoting "poetry and prose", the author has some sentences and styles that are not enough, so he can make some efforts in writing skills.
（湖南师大文学院教授陈果安点评）
(comments by Chen Guoan, Professor of Arts College, Hunan Normal University)
