端午节的起源

（一）“只留清气满乾坤”——高风亮节的梅花形象

（1） "Leave only the pure air to fill the universe" -- the image of plum blossom

王安石《梅花》诗中“凌寒独自开”一句，表现了梅花的不畏严寒。王冕《墨梅》诗“不用人夸好颜色，只留清气满乾坤”两句，赞美了梅花的秀雅气质。另外，南宋陈亮的“欲传春信息，不怕雪埋葬”，赞扬了梅花坚强不屈的精神；元代杨维祯的“万花敢向雪中开，一树独先天下春”，歌颂了梅花凛然特立的气节；清代宋匡业的“独立风前唯素笑，能超世外自归真”，表现了梅花超凡脱俗的神韵。

In Wang Anshi's plum blossom, the sentence "Ling Han opens alone" shows that plum blossom is not afraid of severe cold. Wang Mian 's "Mo Mei" poem, "no one praises the color, but leaves the pure air to fill the heaven and earth", praises the elegant temperament of plum blossom. In addition, Chen Liang of the Southern Song Dynasty praised the firm and unyielding spirit of plum blossom "to spread the information of spring without fear of snow burying"; Yang Weizhen of the Yuan Dynasty "thousands of flowers dare to open in the snow, a tree alone precedes the spring of the world", praised the awe inspiring and special integrity of plum blossom; song kuangye of the Qing Dynasty "only laugh before the independent wind, can surpass the world and return to the true", which showed the extraordinary charm of plum blossom.

（二）“零落成泥碾作尘”——不遇于时的梅花形象

（2） "Scattered into mud and crushed into dust" -- the image of plum blossom in the past

刘克庄的《落梅》诗云：“一片能教一断肠，可堪平砌更堆墙。飘如迁客来过岭，坠似骚人去赴湘。乱点莓苔多莫数，偶粘衣袖久犹香。东风谬掌花权柄，却忌孤高不主张。”诗中表面上是在赞美梅花，实际上是对自己生不逢时的叹惋，以及对那些屡遭贬谪却坚贞不改的“迁客”“骚人”的由衷赞美。“位卑未敢忘忧国”的陆游力主抗金，却屡遭打击，最后被排挤出朝。“零落成泥碾作尘”，是他不遇于时的最后结局。

Liu Kezhuang's "falling plum" poem says: "one can teach a broken heart, but can build more walls. Floating like a moving guest over the mountains, falling like a poet to Hunan. I can't count the number of raspberry moss in disorder, and even the sticky sleeves are fragrant for a long time. Dongfeng fallacy is in charge of the power of flowers, but we should not be aloof from others. " On the surface, the poem praises plum blossom, in fact, it is a pity for his untimely life, as well as sincere praise for those "emigrants" and "Poets" who have been relegated but remain faithful. Lu You, who was "humble and did not dare to forget to worry about his country", fought against Jin, but was repeatedly attacked and finally pushed out of the dynasty. "Falling into mud and grinding into dust" is the final result when he did not encounter it.

（三）“一树梅花一放翁”——人梅合一的梅花形象

（3） "A tree of plum blossom and a wild man" -- the image of plum blossom with the unity of human and plum

陆游《卜算子·咏梅》，词题虽为“咏梅”，但词人着力表现的不是眼中之梅而是心中之梅，梅花形象是词人自我的一种折射。词中，词人和梅花已经合二为一了。林和靖《山园小梅》诗中“疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏”一联，语意双关，它不仅是梅花幽姿绝尘的写照，也是诗人神韵仙骨的化身。

Lu You's Yongmei, the title of the poem is "Yongmei", but what the poet focuses on is not the plum in his eyes but in his heart. The image of the plum is a reflection of the poet's self. In the CI, the poet and the plum blossom have become one. In Lin Hejing's poem "little plum in the mountain garden", there is a couplet of "thin shadow, slanting water, light fragrance, floating moon and dusk". It has a pun of meaning. It is not only the portrayal of the quiet beauty of plum blossom, but also the embodiment of the poet's charm and immortal bone.

总之，古典诗词中的梅花，可以说：是身陷逆境却勇往直前为理想而拼搏的勇者，是趋绝于世清高隐逸不随波逐流的孤高智者，是亘古至今创作主体心灵世界的客观对应物。

In a word, the plum blossom in the classical poetry can be said to be a brave man who is in adversity but goes forward bravely to strive for his ideal, a solitary and wise man who is unique in the world and is not drifting with the current, and an objective counterpart of the spiritual world of the creative subject from ancient times to the present.