托福独立写作中间段2种常用写法优劣势对比分析

托福独立写作备考的过程中，不仅要来写作技能，还要了解积累一些写作的词汇、方法和技巧。今天小编和大家分享托福独立写作引入例子的词组有哪些,希望能帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福独立写作丨引入例子的词组有哪些?

例子引入短语一 such as 和Like

用such as与like来举例，是广大考生比较熟悉的，但是在使用的时候需要注意以下几点：

1. 在such as与like之前是笼统的概念，后面跟具体的含细节的例子，如上面的expert guidance(专业指导)就是笼统的概念，而help with course preparations and methodology for appropriate lesson giving就是具体的含细节的例子。

2. 用such as比用like正式，在正式场合，应尽量使用such as。

3. such as中的as与like都是介词，后跟名词或动词的ing形式，如Activities such as rock climbing, bungee jumping and parachuting are extreme sports(攀岩，蹦极与跳伞都是极限运动)。在托福写作考试的过程中，单词的词性一定要慎重考虑，选择单词的正确词性(动词、名词、形容词、副词等)非常重要。

例子引入短语二 include和range from…to…

这两种引入现象的方法并没有被很多考生所掌握，特别是range from…to…。可以这样说，能够正确使用range from…to…的考生英语写作基础往往都是不错的。使用include与range from…to…，我们需要注意以下几点：

1. include与range from…to…可用作一般现在时形式，如例句1与3;也可用作ing形式，如例句2与4。

2. range from…to…通常表示范围比较广，如上面的ranging from course preparations to methodology for appropriate lesson giving，也就是说，从备课经验到恰当的上课方法论(当然还包括像如何对付调皮的学生，如何与学生家长配合让学生的学习效率最大化等方面)，该有的都会有，“应有尽有”。

3. 我们一定要有意识地学习并使用如range from…to…等更加高级的表达方式，而不是停留在自己已经熟知的套路上。

例子引入短语三.for example和for instance

提到举例，相信大部分考生都会第一时间想到for example或for instance，甚至有些考生一篇独立写作中有四五个for example，因为在托福独立写作中会有多个地方用到举例。从常理来说，这样不但会让评分人产生“审美疲劳”，而且也给人以英语知识积累不多，犯“词穷”之感。《托福考试官方指南》是要求考生在独立写作中体现syntactic variety(句法多样性)的。鉴于此，笔者建议尽量不要使用for example与for instance。但是，如果对这两种表达情有独钟，非要使用不可，也是可以的，但需要注意以下几点(for example与for instance同义，可互换)：

1. 尽量将for example/for instance写成插入语，这样可以增加句法多样性。

2. Take, for example/for instance, …就相当于我们所熟悉的Take … for example/for instance。

3. for example/for instance一般可插入到一个句子的主语与谓语之间。

托福写作解析:Arts or environment

Topic：Arts or environment?

A company is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment. Which do you think the company should choose? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

参考分析：

选择哪一个都可以。只要列举出两三个sound reasons。并且要在作文中提及另外一个选择的好处，以显示“考虑周全”。

需要考虑的至少有两点：

企业花钱，当然要考虑input-output ratio。投入哪一个活动中，公众效应更加明显?

社会作为受体，哪一个活动将对社会有更多的实际好处?

参考范文：

将钱投入在保护环境上

(1)保护环境，有利于人民的健康

(2)保护环境，能够更好地促进商业发展。

(3)公司将钱投入到环境上，能够提高自己的名声，更好的获得利益

Frankly speaking, both arts and environment are important to human being. However, if I were the CEO of a company, I would rather give the money to protect the environment than to support the arts. Because environment protection is quite urgent and matters the future of our globe, while arts is a continuous process to improve the quality of life.

First of all, environment protection is very urgent. Global warming is becoming more and more serious. Many spices are dying, the ice in South Pole is melting, and many rivers are being contaminated. Now it is time for us to do something to save our earth and our own future.

Secondly, environment protection is very important for all, including human being, plants, animals and the Earth. When I was a little boy, I often played in the river that is located beside my village. The water was so clean that we could just drink it directly. There were also many kinds of fishes in the river. It was such a beautiful place that I often played for a whole day. Now things are totally different, the water became brown in color due to pollution from factories, very few fishes can live there. Those small children can never enjoy the fun that I once did.

Thirdly, the art is a continuous process to improve the quality of life, which is not as urgent as environment protection. In addition, there are many ways by which funds can be raised for arts, such as exhibitions and auctions of artistic works. Environment protection needs money more urgently than arts do.

Although both arts and the environment are important, I prefer to give the money to support environment protection, due to the three reasons mentioned above.

托福写作解析:Why people attend college

托福写作题目：

Why people attend college?

People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

解析：

说明人们选择上大学的具体原因(一个或者多个)：增加经验、拓展知识、开阔视野

为了实现理想(ideal; idealistic)为了保证将来的就业机会 父母要求子女上大学 别人都上大学了，所以自己也选择读书 找不到工作。

参考范文：

After graduating from high school many young people have the option to directly enter the work force. Most students who have the opportunity, however, decide to go to college before finding jobs (They attend college to obtain more choices,higher salaries, and more opportunities for advancement in an increasingly competitive job market. Before attending college, students have a limited opportunity to specialize. After obtaining a specific college degree a job applicant can be competitive for previously unavailable jobs.

For instance, applicants with Computer Science degrees would not only be qualified for jobs in hightech companies, they would also be well prepared for any job with computer skills as a prerequisite. With a larger range of potential jobs to choose from, degree holders are more likely to find a job that suits their particular needs and interests.

Additionally, employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified applicants. For example, many companies desire employees who are competent in more than one language and offer higher salaries to attract them.

Even if a job applicant without a college degree has high standardized test scores, employers may still place a higher value on an applicant with similar test scores who also possesses credentials from a wellknown university. Because of the extent to which a college degree is accepted by employers as proof of competence in a given field, college graduates are not only more likely to receive more job offers, they can also command higher salaries than applicants who lack college diplomas.

Finally, in addition to offering more choices and higher salaries, a college degree offers access to jobs with a clear path towards professional advancement. A B.S. in biology, for example, could allow a student to find a job in a lab after graduation, a first step on the road towards a career in scientific research. The same major could also be used to apply to medical school, and a career as a doctor. Both of these avenues would be unavailable without taking the first step of an undergraduate degree in biology.