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词汇精选:damage的用法和辨析
一、详细释义:
n.
(damages)赔偿金
例句:
The judge awarded him $1000 as damages.
法官判给他损害赔偿金一千元。
例句:
He put in a claim for $500 damages.
他提出一项五百美元赔偿的要求。
n.[U]
损害,损毁;伤害
例句:
We will reimburse the customer for any loss or damage.
我们愿赔偿顾客受到的一切损失和损害。
例句:
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的损害大部分容易补救。
损害,毁坏,损坏
例句:
These goods were damaged in transit.
这些货物在运输过程中损坏了。
例句:
A fire had severely damaged the warehouse.
一场大火严重地毁坏了仓库。
二、词义辨析:
hurt,injure,wound,harm,damage,disable
这些动词均有“损害,伤害”之意。 hurt普通用词,较口语化,侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。 injure较hurt正式,多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等,又可指使别人受伤或东西受损,同时含有受伤害部分至少暂时丧失功能的意味。 wound专指对身体的重伤,尤指在战斗中受的伤,强调外部创伤;也可指精神方面的伤害。 harm主要用于有生命的东西,语气略强于injure,指引起严重的痛苦和损伤;有时也用于抽象事物,指造成任何不良后果。 damage通常指对无生命物体的损害,并有降低其价值,破坏其功能等的后果。 disable强调使伤残。
三、词义辨析:
break,destroy,ruin,wreck,damage,spoil
这些动词均有“破坏,损坏”之意。 break普通用词,指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏,可指有形或无形的破坏。 destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏,含导致无用,不能或很难再修复的意味。 ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭,侧重破坏的彻底性,也可用于引申意义。 wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏,也可指计划、健康受到损害。 damage多指对无生命物体的损害,造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。 spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值,而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
四、相关短语:
collateral damage
附带损害
damage control
损害管制
minimal brain damage
轻微脑功能损伤
battle damage
战斗损伤
一、参考例句:
Smoking can damage your health.
吸烟会损害你的健康。
Alcohol may cause damage to the liver.
酒精会损坏肝脏。
Water pollution did damage to the crops.
水污染对农作物造成损害。
Drinking and smoking can damage your health.
饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
The damage to my car is negligible.
我的汽车的损坏是极轻微的。
This damage will adversely affect the performance.
这种损伤会影响性能。
The sun can damage your skin.
阳光能损伤皮肤。
It includes damage and loss in transit.
这也包括运送途中的损坏和遗失。
The damage was assessed at £5 billion.
损失估计达50亿英镑。
You can see the damage for yourself.
你可以自己看看受损的情况。
英语写作 | damages原来不是damage的复数
Remember that damages is not the plural of damage, but actually has a different meaning.
记住:damages不是damage的复数形式,damages有其他的含义。
Damage means “loss or injury to a person or property”. It is an uncountable singular noun and has no plural form.
damage的意思是“对某人或某物的伤害或损失”,是不可数单数名词,没有复数形式。
The cost of the damage to the US caused by Hurricane Ike was estimated at USD 18 billion.
艾克飓风给美国造成了约180亿美元的损失。
Other words you could use instead of damage: loss, injury
damage的同义词有:loss,injury。
Damages means “money claimed by, or ordered to be paid to, a person as compensation for loss or injury”. It is an uncountable plural noun and has no singular form.
damages的意思是“对某人受到的损失或伤害进行的赔偿”,是不可数复数名词,没有单数形式。
The Claimant wishes to sue Acme for damages as a result of a loss sustained by the Claimant after Acme’s failure to perform its obligations.
在Acme未履行义务之后,索偿人希望起诉Acme,要求其赔偿由此造成的损失。
Other words you could use instead of damages: compensation, satisfaction
damages的同义词有:compensation,satisfaction。
BUT –and here’s an exception. English-speaking lawyers do sometimes use “damage” in the plural to refer to multiple losses or injuries. This is an exceptional use of the word, unique to legal jargon, and breaks the rule that “damage” is an uncountable singular noun. In everyday English “damages”can only mean compensation or satisfaction.
但是,这里有一个例外。英语国家的律师有时会使用damage的复数形式来表示多项损失或伤害,这是damage一词作为不可数单数名词的唯一例外,仅限用于法律英语中。在日常英语中,damages只能用来表示赔偿。
美国习惯用语丨damage control
上周末我们家庭聚会,表哥喝多了,说了一些对姑姑不敬的话,不久就传到了我姑姑的耳朵里。几乎就在同时,表哥也意识到自己犯的错,赶紧去向姑姑赔罪,还特别送了鲜花。他这一系列及时补救的做法让我想到了一句习惯用语,那就是: damage control
● damage 破坏,损坏
● control 控制
● damage control 损害控制,意思就是采取措施将造成的损害降到最低
就像上面的例子里:
● My cousin told my aunt that he was sorry and sent her flowers. It's damage control. 我表哥又道歉又送花,试图把损害降到最低。
下面的例子里,我们来听听看这个叫Drake的人怎么搞砸了他的晋升:
● There were some doubts about whether Drake would be an effective Union president. Then, he made a racial remark in a speech at an assembly. At first, he ignored critics. Later, he tried to make a joke of it before deciding to offer a public apology. In the end, his attempts at damage control weren't successful. He lost out on the promotion.
大家对于德雷克能不能成为一个好的工会主席很怀疑。就在这时候,他在一次集会发言时,说了一句带有种族歧视色彩的话。起初,他根本不理会别人的批评。之后他试图用玩笑来掩盖这次错误,最后实在没办法才公开道歉。结果,他试图控制损害程度的努力并不成功,没有得到升职。
专家们建议,一旦你意识到自己做错了什么事或者说错了什么话,就应该马上补救,一分钟都不能等。越早对自己造成的损害负起责任,挽救局势的可能性就越高。
Damage control 这个短语最初出现在20世纪50年代,那时候,这个短语只限于用在把一个船只事故的损害降到最低。慢慢地,人们开始把这个短语引伸出来使用,到现在,damage control可以用在任何需要进行补救的场合中。
damage 太泛,destroy 太狠,到底怎么表达”破坏”?
魅力英文
——“破坏”在英文中的N+1种翻译方式
从上上周开始,鹅叔为你收集了在中文里面最常用的表达,在不同的场景下翻译成英文,会有怎么样奇妙而精准的变化。希望可以最大限度帮助你的英语使用准确、地道、自然。
我们已经找到了“提出”、“处理”的替换,如果你错过的前面的精彩,可以直接点击链接。“提出”一词你能想出几种翻译方式?说到“处理”就是deal with?泥垢了...
前几次的推送都被细心的读者找到了“漏洞”,而且,这似乎成了我一贯的“风格”,每期都要小笔误一次。这次争取改掉这个坏毛病,不要被抓住错误的小尾巴了。
今天我们要找寻的翻译对象是:“破坏”。在雅思中,我们很可能出现的相关意思有:破坏秩序、破坏环境、破坏名声等等。下面,我们话不多说,直接来看完整list吧。
✎
破坏秩序: undermine social order
破坏人权: violate human rights
破坏和平: break the peace/ breach of the peace
破坏名声: damage one’s reputation
破坏团结: disrupt unity
破坏生产: sabotage production
破坏环境: harm the environment
破坏森林: deforestation
破坏纪律: breach of discipline
破坏协议: violate an agreement
破坏桥梁: destroy a bridge
破坏城市: wreck cities
破坏试验: destructive test
破坏活动: subversive activities
破坏炸弹: demolition bomb
破坏无遗: wiped out
蓄意破坏: deliberately sabotage
雅思场景例句:
1 援助对象:
Improper allocation of resources is the reason why aid provided is completely removed from countries which violate human rights.
2 环境保护:
To be more specific, operators are responsible for clearing litter and disposing of waste in ways that do not harm the environment.
3 手机话题:
By contrast, cell phones undermine these traditional orders by creating direct links between particular individuals, irrespective of their institutional role and location.
4 媒体话题:
Negative rumors may easily damage famous people’s reputation and social status.
5 犯罪话题:
A prison officer may decide to deal with a prisoner’s alleged behaviour as either a minor or major breach of discipline, depending on factors such as the seriousness of the breach, whether the breach is intentional and the effect on the security of the prison.
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