托福听力如何克服没有听清楚的问题呢

每年的8、9月份都是托福考试集中报名的时间，虽然很多同学很早就开始备考托福听力考试，面小编就和大家分享托福听力考前冲刺要注意什么呢，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力考前冲刺要注意什么呢

1. 读透听力原文

每做完一份新托福听力题目，就把听力原文拿出来，跟着听力里面的人反复朗读，跟上他们的语速，模仿他们的发音。然后是作标记：1 把其中经常听不清的地方标出来，反复跟读，2 把get, go, take等万能词的词组标起来，多多记忆，一方面可以排除听力障碍，一方面可以为作文所用 3 标出指示词，如表示原因的词，表示转折的词等等，让自己形成习惯，对这些词敏感起来，因为题目往往设置在这种地方。

2. 做题时，无论多自信，一定要细心

托福听力和阅读的问题和选项的设置，有一个很大的特点：迷惑性很强!主要体现在把错误选项设置得跟原文很像，而正确选项则用另一种形式来表达，所以如果不经过分析，很容易有听懂看懂就是选不对的情况。

3. 多做上机的模拟练习

在计算机显示器上做题跟在书上做很不一样，四个部分都是，所以在考试前多做几份上机的模拟题熟悉一下很有用。

4. 笔记

笔记要有条理，用熟悉的符号，其中最常用的，如表原因，转折，正面评价，负面评价等这些听力中的重点考点，自己要准备一系列又简单自己又熟悉的符号，可以省不少时间，回答问题时，自己也容易看懂自己的笔记，做笔记就是有个平衡：详细可读性强，但又要省时间!

5. 心态

因为听力的量大，速度快，稍不留神就把重要信息听漏了，所以要保持高度集中的状态，但是刚开始练习的时候，总是会走神，怎么办呢?每听到一种科目的文章，就想像自己是那个专业的学生，听到美术方面的就想像自己是美术系的学生，听到地理方面的，就想像自己是地理系的学生。

相信经过一定时间的磨练，在备考时能多留心上述提到的注意事项，肯定能够对托福听力冲击阶段的练习有新的认识，从而掌握更好的托福听力技巧，轻松应对托福听力考试，天道小编祝大家学习愉快!

2020托福听力练习：废安非他命改变水下生态系统

Last week, tens of thousands of gallons of sewage gushed into urban streams in Baltimore, because of leaky pipes and flooding rains. And when that happens, it's not just organic matter and microbes that get flushed into aquatic habitats. It's drug residues, too: caffeine, antihistamines, headache drugs... even amphetamines and heroin.

Researchers actually detected all those drugs a few years ago, in a survey of urban and suburban streams in Baltimore. And they wanted to see what effect illegal drugs, like amphetamines, might have on aquatic ecosystems. So they built artificial streams in the lab, stocked with insects and real creek rocks—slippery ones with biofilms of algae and bacteria growing on them. Then they doped half the streams with amphetamine residues—similar to the concentrations found in real urban streams.

After three weeks, the mix of microbial life in the amphetamine-laced streams changed significantly, compared to the untainted waters. And insects like midges emerged earlier than usual—suggesting that drug residues might be able to alter food webs underwater, and on land, too. The results appear in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.

Previous studies have shown that even treated sewage has lots of drug residues in it—because most wastewater treatment plants weren't built to filter out pharmaceuticals. One solution, the researchers say, is more up-to-date wastewater infrastructure. Think of it as preventive medicine…for the nation's aquatic life.

上周，管道泄漏和暴雨导致数万加仑污水流入巴尔的摩的城市河流中。流入水生栖息地的不仅有有机物质和微生物，同时还有残留的药物：咖啡因、抗组胺剂、头痛药……甚至还有安非他命和海洛因。

实际上，研究人员在几年前对巴尔的摩的城市河流和郊区河流进行调查时，就发现了这些药物。他们想了解安非他命等非法药物对水生系统有什么影响。所以，他们在实验室里建了一个人工河流，河流里面有昆虫和真的溪岩，就是那些上面长有藻类和细菌的光滑岩石。然后他们在一半的人工河流中投放了安非他命残留物，其浓度与真正的城市河流中的浓度相似。

三个星期以后，与未受污染的河流相比，加有安非他命河流中的微生物发生了重大的变化。摇蚊等小昆虫出现的时间缩短，这表明药物残留物可能会改变水下的食物网，也可以改变陆地上的食物网。该研究结果发表在《环境科学与技术》期刊上。

此前的研究表明，经过处理的污水仍然含有大量的药物残留，这是因为大多数污水处理厂并并没有过滤药物。研究人员表示，其中一种解决方案是更新污水处理设备。就把这看作水生生物的预防药吧。

重点讲解：

1. because of 因为;由于;

例句：He had given up his job because of failing health.

由于体质衰弱他放弃了工作。

2. be similar to 相像的;相仿的;类似的;

例句：My opinions are similar to hers.

我的看法跟她的相似。

3. compared to 与…相比;和…比起来;

例句：This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.

这一问题与她面临的其他问题比较起来算不得什么。

4. filter out 滤除;滤掉;

例句：Children should have glasses which filter out UV rays.

儿童应该戴上滤除紫外线的眼镜。

托福听力练习：古墨西哥城市人热衷养兔子

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

As humans developed civilizations in Eurasia and Northern Africa, they also domesticated animals for food and labor: horses, cows, goats, pigs, sheep and a few others. But no evidence existed for the deliberate cultivation and breeding of animals in North or Central America—until now.

"So at this ancient city of Teotihuacan in particular, which is really one of the earliest urban cities in North America..."

Andrew Somerville of the University of California San Diego, talking about the metropolis that once existed some 30 miles northeast of present-day Mexico City.

"...previous excavations have found a lot of rabbits. But at one compound in particular they found more evidence that they were interacting with rabbits more intensively. There was a statue of a rabbit. There was evidence that maybe they were butchering them. And this compound, which is called Oztoyahualco, actually had almost twice as many rabbit bones relative to the other complexes at the city. So it did seem like something was different with this particular compound."

Somerville and colleagues tested 134 rabbit bones at the 2,000-year-old site, as well as 13 contemporary samples. If the ancient rabbits fed on wild vegetation, the carbon isotopes in the bones would show evidence of what's known as the C3 photosynthetic pathway. But the domesticated crops of that time, such as corn and cactus fruit, employ what's called the C4 pathway—which leaves a different carbon isotope ratio in the bones.

"Fortunately we were able to actually show that rabbits from this compound did actually have higher carbon values, significantly higher carbon values. Which means that they did have significantly different diets from other rabbits within the city, and also significantly different diets than wild rabbits from around the region. Which is pretty strong evidence we say to show that they were actually being provisioned by humans, fed by humans, managed by humans."

The research is in the journal PLoS ONE.

It's true that the carbon evidence could also be the result of the rabbits being trapped in corn fields, where they were scavenging. But the presence of the dedicated pen and the statue of a rabbit led the scientists to conclude that the animals were in fact being raised—which changes our understanding of New World cities.

"That is one of these assumptions about the new world—that they just didn't have as intensive relationships with animals. That husbandry, especially with mammals, wasn't as important of a factor in their organization and supporting these big cities. So what we're showing is that maybe they were just as intensive in some respects as these old world cities but they're just less archaeologically visible. A rabbit leaves a much smaller footprint than a cow or a horse does."

人类在欧亚大陆和北非大陆繁衍了文明，同时也驯养了可以作为食物和劳动工具的动物，如马、牛、山羊、猪、绵羊等。但是直到现在仍没有证据表明人类在美洲北部和中部刻意培养和繁殖动物。

“所以，特别是古城特奥蒂瓦坎，这是北美最早的城市之一……”

加州大学圣地亚哥分校的安德鲁·索默维尔认为大都市曾经出现在现在的墨西哥城东北约30英里的地方。

“此前的挖掘工作发现了大量的兔子。特别是在其中一个建筑群，他们发现了人类和兔子互动频繁的更多证据。那里有一个兔子的雕像。有证明表明那里的人曾屠杀兔子。这个地方名为欧兹托雅胡科，研究发现这里兔子骨头的数量是该市其他建筑群的两倍。所以这个建筑群确实与众不同。”

索默维尔和同事对这个已有2000年历史的地方出土的134块兔子骨头和13块现代兔子骨头样本进行了检测。如果古代兔子食用的是野生植被，那它们骨头中的碳元素将会显示出C3 光合途径。而玉米和仙人果等当时家养的作物，采用的是C4 光合途径，这就会在兔子骨头中留下不同的碳同位素比率。

“幸运的是，我们已经可以证实在这个建筑群发现的兔子确实含有更高的碳值，而且是显著升高的碳值。这表明它们与城市其它地区的兔子吃的东西明显不同，而且和这个地区周围的野生兔子吃的食物也完全不同。我们可以说这是非常强有力的证据，可以证明这些兔子是由人类喂养、饲养和管理的。”

该研究结果已发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》期刊上。

不过，碳元素也有可能是因为兔子被困在玉米地里，在那里觅食的结果。但是，专用围栏和兔子雕像使科学家们断定，这些动物实际上是由人类饲养的，这改变了我们对新大陆上的城市的理解。

“这是关于新大陆的其中一个假设——他们与动物的关系没有那么密切。畜牧业，尤其是和哺乳动物的联系，并不是当时结构中的重要因素，也不是支撑这些大型城市的重要因素。所以我们发现的可能只是他们在某些方面同这些古老世界城市的紧密联系，但是在考古学上的证据却不是那么明显。毕竟一只兔子比一头奶牛或一匹马留下的足迹要小得多。”

重点讲解：

1. in particular 尤其;特别;

例句：He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean.

他专门研究印度洋的鱼类。

2. as well as 除…之外;也;还;

例句：He can shoot as well as riding horse.

他不但能骑马,而且能射击。

3. be known as 认为…是;把…看作是;

例句：The policeman was known as a drug buster.

这位警察被称作毒贩克星。

4. in fact (用于修正、引出相反意见或对比等)事实上，其实;

例句：In fact we were innocent of the crime.

事实上，我们是无辜的。