大学生英语演讲稿：珍惜友谊

　　无论在学习还是工作中，我们都会接触或用到各类英语演讲，小到课堂作业和工作汇报，大到会议发言和职位竞选。那么如何才能打造一篇精彩的英语演讲稿呢?下面笔者就以乔布斯XX年斯坦福大学毕业演讲稿为范本来具体剖析一下英语演讲稿的写作要点，帮助大家了解其基本写作要领。i’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。 结尾有“道”，画龙点睛 演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。 除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种：①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是patrick henry的演讲“liberty or death”。他在结尾时说道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现

　　　　结构清楚，逻辑清晰

　　指出演讲话题的重要性。比如要做一场关于“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲，演讲者在一开始就可以指出该演讲对于听众今后的学习、工作将会有很大帮助，甚至可以给出一些数据和实例，让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是一个损失，这样听众就会乐于认真听演讲了。②使听众感到震惊。例如要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲，开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据，让听众看到生活方式不健康将会产生多么可怕的后果，这样的震惊能够使听众快速调整状态，投入到听演讲中去。③引起听众的好奇心。演讲者可以在开篇指出一种特别的现象，听众出于好奇就会认真听演讲，想知道演讲者如何分析或解释。④向观众提问。演讲者可以在开篇提出一个问题，这样可以引发听众的思考，也会引导他们去听演讲者如何解答问题。此外，也可以在开篇引用一段名言，或是讲述一个故事等，这些基本的开篇方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。 观点明确，支撑有效 毫无疑问，在演讲稿中，主体段的信息量最大，写作量也最大。如何清晰地阐释演讲者的观点或演讲要点，如何用相关事实有效地支撑演讲者的各个论点或要点，是演讲稿主体段写作时应该把握的关键。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中明确给出了三个要点：① the first story is about connecting the dots. ② my second story is about love and loss. ③ my third story is about death.为了清晰、有效地阐述自己想要表达的这三个要点，他运用了以下三种手段：首先是举例子。乔布斯在演讲中用了大量的事例来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡。比如他说自己读书时旁听有意思的书法课程，这些课在当时对他没什么实质帮助，但是十年后在当他设计第一款macintosh电脑的时候，这些东西全派上了用场，这个例子充分说明了他演讲的第一个要点——串起生命中的点滴。另一个手段是引用。乔布斯在演讲中引用了一些名言警句来阐述自己的观点。比如在讲到死亡时，他引用了一句格言：“if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”这句话表明了他对于生命和死亡的看法，使听众印象深刻。第三个手段是数据支持。在讲第二个故事——关于爱和失去时，乔布斯用了一系列数据来支撑自己的观点。他说自己是幸运的，因为“woz and i started apple in my parents’ garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. we’d just released our finest creation—the macintosh—a year earlier, and

　　由于公共演讲的听众一般有数十人甚至数百、数千人，再加上演讲环境的不确定性(比如观众的欢呼或者抱怨)，演讲者最好在进入主题之后马上给出所讲内容的框架结构，使听众能跟随演讲者的思路，更好地预判整个演讲内容，以达到良好的演讲效果。比如，乔布斯在XX年斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲中，开篇稍微寒暄之后就进入正题：“today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that’s it. no big deal. just three stories.”听众马上能对演讲内容做出预判——今天会听到乔布斯谈三点，然后他们会关注具体是哪三点。这种演讲就具备了“以观众为中心”的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中分别提到，“the first story is about connecting the dots.”“my second story is about love and loss.”“my third story is about death.”由于演讲思路非常明晰，听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新。

　　i’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。 结尾有“道”，画龙点睛 演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。 除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种：①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是patrick henry的演讲“liberty or death”。他在结尾时说道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现

　　当然，演讲稿在结构方面的逻辑顺序有许多种，乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照话题顺序和时间顺序来安排的。除此之外，还有空间顺序，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的顺序等。大家可以根据不同演讲内容的需要来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和整体结构。

　　　　开篇出彩，吸引听众

　　演讲稿的开篇往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计。在写作开篇时，演讲者需要结合听众特点、演讲场合和演讲主题等因素，争取在一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣。下面笔者就介绍一下基本的演讲开篇模式，供大家以后写作演讲稿参考。

　　演讲内在统一性的经典形式，值得借鉴。 为了更加有效地掌握文中讲到的写作演讲稿的要点，笔者建议大家做到以下三点：①多看。多看一些演讲素材，比如名人演讲、演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等，积累大量的一手素材;也有必要阅读一些关于英语公共演讲的书籍，笔者在此推荐stephen e. lucas的《演讲的艺术》(the art of public speaking)一书。②多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因，可以从笔者上面讲的几点入手分析。③多练。在有了一定的积累之后，要大量练习写作演讲稿，话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取，这样练习起来会更有兴趣和成就感。 (本文选自《新东方英语》杂志XX年2月号)

　　演讲稿开篇的目的是吸引听众。乔布斯在他的演讲稿开篇使用的是“关联话题与听众”的方式。这是一种比较有效的方法，因为人们一般对自己的事情都很关注，和自己相关的事情也会格外留意。乔布斯在演讲开篇说道：“i am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. truth be told, i never graduated from college. and this is the closest i’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学——这就是在与听众发生关联。乔布斯就是通过这种方式让听众一开始就对自己产生好感或对自己的演讲内容产生兴趣。当然，乔布斯还用了适当的幽默，更好地融洽了与听众的关系。

　　演讲内在统一性的经典形式，值得借鉴。 为了更加有效地掌握文中讲到的写作演讲稿的要点，笔者建议大家做到以下三点：①多看。多看一些演讲素材，比如名人演讲、演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等，积累大量的一手素材;也有必要阅读一些关于英语公共演讲的书籍，笔者在此推荐stephen e. lucas的《演讲的艺术》(the art of public speaking)一书。②多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因，可以从笔者上面讲的几点入手分析。③多练。在有了一定的积累之后，要大量练习写作演讲稿，话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取，这样练习起来会更有兴趣和成就感。 (本文选自《新东方英语》杂志XX年2月号)

　　除了乔布斯的这种开篇方式外，我们还需要了解和掌握其他一些开篇方式：①指出演讲话题的重要性。比如要做一场关于“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲，演讲者在一开始就可以指出该演讲对于听众今后的学习、工作将会有很大帮助，甚至可以给出一些数据和实例，让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是一个损失，这样听众就会乐于认真听演讲了。②使听众感到震惊。例如要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲，开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据，让听众看到生活方式不健康将会产生多么可怕的后果，这样的震惊能够使听众快速调整状态，投入到听演讲中去。③引起听众的好奇心。演讲者可以在开篇指出一种特别的现象，听众出于好奇就会认真听演讲，想知道演讲者如何分析或解释。④向观众提问。演讲者可以在开篇提出一个问题，这样可以引发听众的思考，也会引导他们去听演讲者如何解答问题。此外，也可以在开篇引用一段名言，或是讲述一个故事等，这些基本的开篇方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。

　　i’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。 结尾有“道”，画龙点睛 演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。 除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种：①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是patrick henry的演讲“liberty or death”。他在结尾时说道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现　观点明确，支撑有效

　　毫无疑问，在演讲稿中，主体段的信息量最大，写作量也最大。如何清晰地阐释演讲者的观点或演讲要点，如何用相关事实有效地支撑演讲者的各个论点或要点，是演讲稿主体段写作时应该把握的关键。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中明确给出了三个要点：① the first story is about connecting the dots. ② my second story is about love and loss. ③ my third story is about death.为了清晰、有效地阐述自己想要表达的这三个要点，他运用了以下三种手段：首先是举例子。乔布斯在演讲中用了大量的事例来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡。比如他说自己读书时旁听有意思的书法课程，这些课在当时对他没什么实质帮助，但是十年后在当他设计第一款macintosh电脑的时候，这些东西全派上了用场，这个例子充分说明了他演讲的第一个要点——串起生命中的点滴。另一个手段是引用。乔布斯在演讲中引用了一些名言警句来阐述自己的观点。比如在讲到死亡时，他引用了一句格言：“if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”这句话表明了他对于生命和死亡的看法，使听众印象深刻。第三个手段是数据支持。在讲第二个故事——关于爱和失去时，乔布斯用了一系列数据来支撑自己的观点。他说自己是幸运的，因为“woz and i started apple in my parents’ garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. we’d just released our finest creation—the macintosh—a year earlier, and i’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。

　　i’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。 结尾有“道”，画龙点睛 演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。 除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种：①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是patrick henry的演讲“liberty or death”。他在结尾时说道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现

　　结尾有“道”，画龙点睛[来源：新东方 作者：钱希] 无论在学习还是工作中，我们都会接触或用到各类英语演讲，小到课堂作业和工作汇报，大到会议发言和职位竞选。那么如何才能打造一篇精彩的英语演讲稿呢?下面笔者就以乔布斯XX年斯坦福大学毕业演讲稿为范本来具体剖析一下英语演讲稿的写作要点，帮助大家了解其基本写作要领。 结构清楚，逻辑清晰 由于公共演讲的听众一般有数十人甚至数百、数千人，再加上演讲环境的不确定性(比如观众的欢呼或者抱怨)，演讲者最好在进入主题之后马上给出所讲内容的框架结构，使听众能跟随演讲者的思路，更好地预判整个演讲内容，以达到良好的演讲效果。比如，乔布斯在XX年斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲中，开篇稍微寒暄之后就进入正题：“today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that’s it. no big deal. just three stories.”听众马上能对演讲内容做出预判——今天会听到乔布斯谈三点，然后他们会关注具体是哪三点。这种演讲就具备了“以观众为中心”的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中分别提到，“the first story is about connecting the dots.”“my second story is about love and loss.”“my third story is about death.”由于演讲思路非常明晰，听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新。 当然，演讲稿在结构方面的逻辑顺序有许多种，乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照话题顺序和时间顺序来安排的。除此之外，还有空间顺序，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的顺序等。大家可以根据不同演讲内容的需要来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和整体结构。 开篇出彩，吸引听众 演讲稿的开篇往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计。在写作开篇时，演讲者需要结合听众特点、演讲场合和演讲主题等因素，争取在一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣。下面笔者就介绍一下基本的演讲开篇模式，供大家以后写作演讲稿参考。 演讲稿开篇的目的是吸引听众。乔布斯在他的演讲稿开篇使用的是“关联话题与听众”的方式。这是一种比较有效的方法，因为人们一般对自己的事情都很关注，和自己相关的事情也会格外留意。乔布斯在演讲开篇说道：“i am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. truth be told, i never graduated from college. and this is the closest i’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学——这就是在与听众发生关联。乔布斯就是通过这种方式让听众一开始就对自己产生好感或对自己的演讲内容产生兴趣。当然，乔布斯还用了适当的幽默，更好地融洽了与听众的关系。 除了乔布斯的这种开篇方式外，我们还需要了解和掌握其他一些开篇方式：①

　　演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。

　　i’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。 结尾有“道”，画龙点睛 演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。 除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种：①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是patrick henry的演讲“liberty or death”。他在结尾时说道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现

　　除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种：①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是patrick henry的演讲“liberty or death”。他在结尾时说道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现演讲内在统一性的经典形式，值得借鉴。

　　为了更加有效地掌握文中讲到的写作演讲稿的要点，笔者建议大家做到以下三点：①多看。多看一些演讲素材，比如名人演讲、演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等，积累大量的一手素材;也有必要阅读一些关于英语公共演讲的书籍，笔者在此推荐stephen e. lucas的《演讲的艺术》(the art of public speaking)一书。②多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因，可以从笔者上面讲的几点入手分析。③多练。在有了一定的积累之后，要大量练习写作演讲稿，话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取，这样练习起来会更有兴趣和成就感。

　　i’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。 结尾有“道”，画龙点睛 演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。 除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种：①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是patrick henry的演讲“liberty or death”。他在结尾时说道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现